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Auteurs principaux: Engelhardt, Georg, Li, Ming, Wang, Xingchang, Luo, JunYan, Chen, J. F.
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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Accès en ligne:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.01820
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author Engelhardt, Georg
Li, Ming
Wang, Xingchang
Luo, JunYan
Chen, J. F.
author_facet Engelhardt, Georg
Li, Ming
Wang, Xingchang
Luo, JunYan
Chen, J. F.
contents Optical magnetometers use the rotation of linearly polarized laser light induced by the Faraday effect for high precision magnetic field measurements. Here, we carry out an in-depth quantum information investigation, deploying two distinct models: The first, semiclassical model can violate the quantum Cramer-Rao bound by several orders of magnitude for weak dissipation and large atom numbers, invalidating the semiclassical approach in this parameter regime. The second model, describing the atoms as a collective spin, respects the Cramer-Rao bound for all parameters. Interestingly, the collective model also predicts Heisenberg scaling for the quantum Fisher information. The comparison of both models shows that Heisenberg scaling is a result of measurement-induced quantum correlation in an otherwise non-interacting quantum system. As the Heisenberg scaling appears in a stationary state of a macroscopic quantum system, it can be thus viewed as a new paradigm in quantum sensing. Intriguingly, the comparison of both models with experimental data can constitute a test for the foundations of quantum mechanics in a macroscopic ensemble of atoms.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_01820
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Quantum information of optical magnetometry: Semiclassical Cramer-Rao bound violation and Heisenberg scaling
Engelhardt, Georg
Li, Ming
Wang, Xingchang
Luo, JunYan
Chen, J. F.
Quantum Physics
Optical magnetometers use the rotation of linearly polarized laser light induced by the Faraday effect for high precision magnetic field measurements. Here, we carry out an in-depth quantum information investigation, deploying two distinct models: The first, semiclassical model can violate the quantum Cramer-Rao bound by several orders of magnitude for weak dissipation and large atom numbers, invalidating the semiclassical approach in this parameter regime. The second model, describing the atoms as a collective spin, respects the Cramer-Rao bound for all parameters. Interestingly, the collective model also predicts Heisenberg scaling for the quantum Fisher information. The comparison of both models shows that Heisenberg scaling is a result of measurement-induced quantum correlation in an otherwise non-interacting quantum system. As the Heisenberg scaling appears in a stationary state of a macroscopic quantum system, it can be thus viewed as a new paradigm in quantum sensing. Intriguingly, the comparison of both models with experimental data can constitute a test for the foundations of quantum mechanics in a macroscopic ensemble of atoms.
title Quantum information of optical magnetometry: Semiclassical Cramer-Rao bound violation and Heisenberg scaling
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.01820