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Main Authors: Yu, Yi, Yao, Liuyi, Xie, Yuexiang, Tan, Qingquan, Feng, Jiaqi, Li, Yaliang, Wu, Libing
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.01885
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author Yu, Yi
Yao, Liuyi
Xie, Yuexiang
Tan, Qingquan
Feng, Jiaqi
Li, Yaliang
Wu, Libing
author_facet Yu, Yi
Yao, Liuyi
Xie, Yuexiang
Tan, Qingquan
Feng, Jiaqi
Li, Yaliang
Wu, Libing
contents Large language model (LLM) agents face fundamental limitations in long-horizon reasoning due to finite context windows, making effective memory management critical. Existing methods typically handle long-term memory (LTM) and short-term memory (STM) as separate components, relying on heuristics or auxiliary controllers, which limits adaptability and end-to-end optimization. In this paper, we propose Agentic Memory (AgeMem), a unified framework that integrates LTM and STM management directly into the agent's policy. AgeMem exposes memory operations as tool-based actions, enabling the LLM agent to autonomously decide what and when to store, retrieve, update, summarize, or discard information. To train such unified behaviors, we propose a three-stage progressive reinforcement learning strategy and design a step-wise GRPO to address sparse and discontinuous rewards induced by memory operations. Experiments on five long-horizon benchmarks demonstrate that AgeMem consistently outperforms strong memory-augmented baselines across multiple LLM backbones, achieving improved task performance, higher-quality long-term memory, and more efficient context usage.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_01885
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Agentic Memory: Learning Unified Long-Term and Short-Term Memory Management for Large Language Model Agents
Yu, Yi
Yao, Liuyi
Xie, Yuexiang
Tan, Qingquan
Feng, Jiaqi
Li, Yaliang
Wu, Libing
Computation and Language
Large language model (LLM) agents face fundamental limitations in long-horizon reasoning due to finite context windows, making effective memory management critical. Existing methods typically handle long-term memory (LTM) and short-term memory (STM) as separate components, relying on heuristics or auxiliary controllers, which limits adaptability and end-to-end optimization. In this paper, we propose Agentic Memory (AgeMem), a unified framework that integrates LTM and STM management directly into the agent's policy. AgeMem exposes memory operations as tool-based actions, enabling the LLM agent to autonomously decide what and when to store, retrieve, update, summarize, or discard information. To train such unified behaviors, we propose a three-stage progressive reinforcement learning strategy and design a step-wise GRPO to address sparse and discontinuous rewards induced by memory operations. Experiments on five long-horizon benchmarks demonstrate that AgeMem consistently outperforms strong memory-augmented baselines across multiple LLM backbones, achieving improved task performance, higher-quality long-term memory, and more efficient context usage.
title Agentic Memory: Learning Unified Long-Term and Short-Term Memory Management for Large Language Model Agents
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.01885