A Spatio-Temporal Deep Learning Approach For High-Resolution Gridded Monsoon Prediction

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Borah, Parashjyoti, Sarkar, Sanghamitra, Phukan, Ranjan
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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author Borah, Parashjyoti
Sarkar, Sanghamitra
Phukan, Ranjan
author_facet Borah, Parashjyoti
Sarkar, Sanghamitra
Phukan, Ranjan
contents The Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) is a critical climate phenomenon, fundamentally impacting the agriculture, economy, and water security of over a billion people. Traditional long-range forecasting, whether statistical or dynamical, has predominantly focused on predicting a single, spatially-averaged seasonal value, lacking the spatial detail essential for regional-level resource management. To address this gap, we introduce a novel deep learning framework that reframes gridded monsoon prediction as a spatio-temporal computer vision task. We treat multi-variable, pre-monsoon atmospheric and oceanic fields as a sequence of multi-channel images, effectively creating a video-like input tensor. Using 85 years of ERA5 reanalysis data for predictors and IMD rainfall data for targets, we employ a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based architecture to learn the complex mapping from the five-month pre-monsoon period (January-May) to a high-resolution gridded rainfall pattern for the subsequent monsoon season. Our framework successfully produces distinct forecasts for each of the four monsoon months (June-September) as well as the total seasonal average, demonstrating its utility for both intra-seasonal and seasonal outlooks.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_02445
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Spatio-Temporal Deep Learning Approach For High-Resolution Gridded Monsoon Prediction
Borah, Parashjyoti
Sarkar, Sanghamitra
Phukan, Ranjan
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
I.2.6; I.4.9; I.5.1; I.5.2; I.5.4; I.5.5; I.5.m; I.6.5
The Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) is a critical climate phenomenon, fundamentally impacting the agriculture, economy, and water security of over a billion people. Traditional long-range forecasting, whether statistical or dynamical, has predominantly focused on predicting a single, spatially-averaged seasonal value, lacking the spatial detail essential for regional-level resource management. To address this gap, we introduce a novel deep learning framework that reframes gridded monsoon prediction as a spatio-temporal computer vision task. We treat multi-variable, pre-monsoon atmospheric and oceanic fields as a sequence of multi-channel images, effectively creating a video-like input tensor. Using 85 years of ERA5 reanalysis data for predictors and IMD rainfall data for targets, we employ a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based architecture to learn the complex mapping from the five-month pre-monsoon period (January-May) to a high-resolution gridded rainfall pattern for the subsequent monsoon season. Our framework successfully produces distinct forecasts for each of the four monsoon months (June-September) as well as the total seasonal average, demonstrating its utility for both intra-seasonal and seasonal outlooks.
title A Spatio-Temporal Deep Learning Approach For High-Resolution Gridded Monsoon Prediction
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
I.2.6; I.4.9; I.5.1; I.5.2; I.5.4; I.5.5; I.5.m; I.6.5
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.02445