Hunting for the First Explosions at the High-Redshift Frontier

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Jeon, Junehyoung, Bromm, Volker, Venditti, Alessandra, Finkelstein, Steven L., Hsiao, Tiger Yu-Yang
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Jeon, Junehyoung
Bromm, Volker
Venditti, Alessandra
Finkelstein, Steven L.
Hsiao, Tiger Yu-Yang
author_facet Jeon, Junehyoung
Bromm, Volker
Venditti, Alessandra
Finkelstein, Steven L.
Hsiao, Tiger Yu-Yang
contents The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has spectroscopically confirmed galaxies up to $z\sim14$, 300 Myr after the Big Bang, and several candidates have been discovered at $z\sim15-25$, with one candidate as high as $z\sim30$, only 100 Myr after the Big Bang. Such objects are unexpected, since theoretical studies have not predicted the existence of detectable galaxies at $z\sim30$. While any $z\sim30$ candidates may be contaminants at lower redshifts, we explore whether such extreme redshift sources could be consistent with hyper-energetic transient events linked to the formation of the first, metal-free, stars. Specifically, we consider pair-instability supernovae (PISNe), a predicted class of extreme thermonuclear explosions that leave no remnant behind. Using cosmological simulations, we investigate an overdense cosmic region, where star formation and subsequent PISNe occur at $z\sim30-40$, even within standard cosmology. Assessing the likelihood of such a region, the corresponding number of PISNe at $z\gtrsim20$, and their observed flux, we find that JWST has a non-negligible chance to detect a PISN event at extremely high redshifts. If a transient event were confirmed at $z\sim30$, this would provide a direct glimpse into the epoch of first star formation, dramatically extending the empirical reach of astronomy.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_02469
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Hunting for the First Explosions at the High-Redshift Frontier
Jeon, Junehyoung
Bromm, Volker
Venditti, Alessandra
Finkelstein, Steven L.
Hsiao, Tiger Yu-Yang
Astrophysics of Galaxies
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has spectroscopically confirmed galaxies up to $z\sim14$, 300 Myr after the Big Bang, and several candidates have been discovered at $z\sim15-25$, with one candidate as high as $z\sim30$, only 100 Myr after the Big Bang. Such objects are unexpected, since theoretical studies have not predicted the existence of detectable galaxies at $z\sim30$. While any $z\sim30$ candidates may be contaminants at lower redshifts, we explore whether such extreme redshift sources could be consistent with hyper-energetic transient events linked to the formation of the first, metal-free, stars. Specifically, we consider pair-instability supernovae (PISNe), a predicted class of extreme thermonuclear explosions that leave no remnant behind. Using cosmological simulations, we investigate an overdense cosmic region, where star formation and subsequent PISNe occur at $z\sim30-40$, even within standard cosmology. Assessing the likelihood of such a region, the corresponding number of PISNe at $z\gtrsim20$, and their observed flux, we find that JWST has a non-negligible chance to detect a PISN event at extremely high redshifts. If a transient event were confirmed at $z\sim30$, this would provide a direct glimpse into the epoch of first star formation, dramatically extending the empirical reach of astronomy.
title Hunting for the First Explosions at the High-Redshift Frontier
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.02469