SN 2024abfl: A Flat-Plateau, Low-Luminosity Type IIP Supernova with Early CSM Interaction
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Gerard, Madison Andrews, Jennifer E. Clayton, Geoffrey C. Sand, David J. Bostroem, K. Azalee Pearson, Jeniveve Dastidar, Raya Ravi, Aravind P. Ransome, Conor L. Subrayan, Bhagya Hosseinzadeh, Griffin Hsu, Brian Dong, Yize Shrestha, Manisha Valenti, Stefano Smith, Nathan Janzen, Daryl Lundquist, M. J. Meza, Nicolas Jha, Saurabh W. Alexander, Kate D. Christy, Collin Franz, Noah Kwok, Lindsey A. Andrews, Moira Farah, Joseph Hiramatsu, Daichi Howell, D. Andrew McCully, Curtis Wynn, Kathryn Konyves-Toth, Reka Wang, Xiaofeng |
| author_facet | Gerard, Madison Andrews, Jennifer E. Clayton, Geoffrey C. Sand, David J. Bostroem, K. Azalee Pearson, Jeniveve Dastidar, Raya Ravi, Aravind P. Ransome, Conor L. Subrayan, Bhagya Hosseinzadeh, Griffin Hsu, Brian Dong, Yize Shrestha, Manisha Valenti, Stefano Smith, Nathan Janzen, Daryl Lundquist, M. J. Meza, Nicolas Jha, Saurabh W. Alexander, Kate D. Christy, Collin Franz, Noah Kwok, Lindsey A. Andrews, Moira Farah, Joseph Hiramatsu, Daichi Howell, D. Andrew McCully, Curtis Wynn, Kathryn Konyves-Toth, Reka Wang, Xiaofeng |
| contents | We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN 2024abfl, a low-luminosity Type IIP supernova (LLSN) discovered shortly after explosion. The transient reached a peak absolute magnitude of $M_V = -14.9$ and exhibited an extended, flat plateau lasting $\sim$125 days. From the late-time bolometric light curve, we estimate a $^{56}$Ni mass of $\sim0.01~M_\odot$, consistent with other LLSNe. Analytical shock-cooling models fail to reproduce the rapid early rise, indicating that circumstellar material (CSM) interaction contributed to the initial emission. The spectroscopic evolution is typical of LLSNe, with relatively narrow metal lines and low expansion velocities ($\lesssim 3000$ km s$^{-1}$) that decline slowly over time. We detect a broad ``ledge'' feature around 4600 Åwithin three days of explosion, which we interpret as a blend of high-ionization shock-accelerated CSM lines. Multi-peaked H$α$ profiles develop during the plateau phase, consistent with complex ejecta-CSM interactions. As one of the best-observed examples of LLSNe, SN 2024abfl exhibits a weak explosion and signatures of nearby CSM, offering new insights into progenitor properties, pre-explosion mass loss, and the diversity of LLSNe. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_02638 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | SN 2024abfl: A Flat-Plateau, Low-Luminosity Type IIP Supernova with Early CSM Interaction Gerard, Madison Andrews, Jennifer E. Clayton, Geoffrey C. Sand, David J. Bostroem, K. Azalee Pearson, Jeniveve Dastidar, Raya Ravi, Aravind P. Ransome, Conor L. Subrayan, Bhagya Hosseinzadeh, Griffin Hsu, Brian Dong, Yize Shrestha, Manisha Valenti, Stefano Smith, Nathan Janzen, Daryl Lundquist, M. J. Meza, Nicolas Jha, Saurabh W. Alexander, Kate D. Christy, Collin Franz, Noah Kwok, Lindsey A. Andrews, Moira Farah, Joseph Hiramatsu, Daichi Howell, D. Andrew McCully, Curtis Wynn, Kathryn Konyves-Toth, Reka Wang, Xiaofeng High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN 2024abfl, a low-luminosity Type IIP supernova (LLSN) discovered shortly after explosion. The transient reached a peak absolute magnitude of $M_V = -14.9$ and exhibited an extended, flat plateau lasting $\sim$125 days. From the late-time bolometric light curve, we estimate a $^{56}$Ni mass of $\sim0.01~M_\odot$, consistent with other LLSNe. Analytical shock-cooling models fail to reproduce the rapid early rise, indicating that circumstellar material (CSM) interaction contributed to the initial emission. The spectroscopic evolution is typical of LLSNe, with relatively narrow metal lines and low expansion velocities ($\lesssim 3000$ km s$^{-1}$) that decline slowly over time. We detect a broad ``ledge'' feature around 4600 Åwithin three days of explosion, which we interpret as a blend of high-ionization shock-accelerated CSM lines. Multi-peaked H$α$ profiles develop during the plateau phase, consistent with complex ejecta-CSM interactions. As one of the best-observed examples of LLSNe, SN 2024abfl exhibits a weak explosion and signatures of nearby CSM, offering new insights into progenitor properties, pre-explosion mass loss, and the diversity of LLSNe. |
| title | SN 2024abfl: A Flat-Plateau, Low-Luminosity Type IIP Supernova with Early CSM Interaction |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.02638 |