Four Dominion Growth Regimes in Trees: Forcing, Fibonacci Enumeration, Periodicity, and Stability

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Allagan, Julian, Gray, Erin, Sawyer, Jennifer, Morgan, Gabrielle
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author Allagan, Julian
Gray, Erin
Sawyer, Jennifer
Morgan, Gabrielle
author_facet Allagan, Julian
Gray, Erin
Sawyer, Jennifer
Morgan, Gabrielle
contents We study the dominion zeta(G), defined as the number of minimum dominating sets of a graph G, and analyze how local forcing and boundary effects control the flexibility of optimal domination in trees. For path-based pendant constructions, we identify a sharp forcing threshold: attaching a single pendant vertex to each path vertex yields complete independence with zeta = 2^gamma, whereas attaching two or more pendant vertices forces a unique minimum dominating set. Between these extremes, sparse pendant patterns produce intermediate behavior: removing endpoint pendants gives zeta = 2^(gamma - 2), while alternating pendant attachments induce Fibonacci growth zeta asymptotic to phi^gamma, where phi is the golden ratio. For complete binary trees T_h, we establish a rigid period-3 law zeta(T_h) in {1, 3} despite exponential growth in |V(T_h)|. We further prove a sharp stability bound under leaf deletions, zeta(T_h - X) <= 2^{m_1(X)} zeta(T_h), where m_1(X) counts parents that lose exactly one child; in particular, deleting a single leaf preserves the domination number and exactly doubles the dominion.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_03485
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Four Dominion Growth Regimes in Trees: Forcing, Fibonacci Enumeration, Periodicity, and Stability
Allagan, Julian
Gray, Erin
Sawyer, Jennifer
Morgan, Gabrielle
Combinatorics
Discrete Mathematics
05C69, 05C05, 05C85, 05A15
We study the dominion zeta(G), defined as the number of minimum dominating sets of a graph G, and analyze how local forcing and boundary effects control the flexibility of optimal domination in trees. For path-based pendant constructions, we identify a sharp forcing threshold: attaching a single pendant vertex to each path vertex yields complete independence with zeta = 2^gamma, whereas attaching two or more pendant vertices forces a unique minimum dominating set. Between these extremes, sparse pendant patterns produce intermediate behavior: removing endpoint pendants gives zeta = 2^(gamma - 2), while alternating pendant attachments induce Fibonacci growth zeta asymptotic to phi^gamma, where phi is the golden ratio. For complete binary trees T_h, we establish a rigid period-3 law zeta(T_h) in {1, 3} despite exponential growth in |V(T_h)|. We further prove a sharp stability bound under leaf deletions, zeta(T_h - X) <= 2^{m_1(X)} zeta(T_h), where m_1(X) counts parents that lose exactly one child; in particular, deleting a single leaf preserves the domination number and exactly doubles the dominion.
title Four Dominion Growth Regimes in Trees: Forcing, Fibonacci Enumeration, Periodicity, and Stability
topic Combinatorics
Discrete Mathematics
05C69, 05C05, 05C85, 05A15
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.03485