Integration and Resource Estimation of Cryoelectronics for Superconducting Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computers
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866917455947890688 |
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| author | Kawabata, Shiro |
| author_facet | Kawabata, Shiro |
| contents | Scaling superconducting quantum computers to the fault-tolerant regime calls for a commensurate scaling of the classical control and readout stack. Today's systems largely rely on room-temperature, rack-based instrumentation connected to dilution-refrigerator cryostats through many coaxial cables. Looking ahead, superconducting fault-tolerant quantum computers (FTQCs) will likely adopt a heterogeneous quantum-classical architecture that places selected electronics at cryogenic stages -- for example, cryo-CMOS at 4~K and superconducting digital logic at 4~K and/or mK stages -- to curb wiring and thermal-load overheads. This review distills key requirements, surveys representative room-temperature and cryogenic approaches, and provides a transparent first-order accounting framework for cryoelectronics. Using an RSA-2048-scale benchmark as a concrete reference point, we illustrate how scaling targets motivate constraints on multiplexing and stage-wise cryogenic power, and discuss implications for functional partitioning across room-temperature electronics, cryo-CMOS, and superconducting logic. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_03922 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Integration and Resource Estimation of Cryoelectronics for Superconducting Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computers Kawabata, Shiro Quantum Physics Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Superconductivity Applied Physics Scaling superconducting quantum computers to the fault-tolerant regime calls for a commensurate scaling of the classical control and readout stack. Today's systems largely rely on room-temperature, rack-based instrumentation connected to dilution-refrigerator cryostats through many coaxial cables. Looking ahead, superconducting fault-tolerant quantum computers (FTQCs) will likely adopt a heterogeneous quantum-classical architecture that places selected electronics at cryogenic stages -- for example, cryo-CMOS at 4~K and superconducting digital logic at 4~K and/or mK stages -- to curb wiring and thermal-load overheads. This review distills key requirements, surveys representative room-temperature and cryogenic approaches, and provides a transparent first-order accounting framework for cryoelectronics. Using an RSA-2048-scale benchmark as a concrete reference point, we illustrate how scaling targets motivate constraints on multiplexing and stage-wise cryogenic power, and discuss implications for functional partitioning across room-temperature electronics, cryo-CMOS, and superconducting logic. |
| title | Integration and Resource Estimation of Cryoelectronics for Superconducting Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computers |
| topic | Quantum Physics Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Superconductivity Applied Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.03922 |