Properties of Magnetic Switchbacks in the Near-Sun Solar Wind
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arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2026
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| author | Badman, Samuel T. Fargette, Naïs Matteini, Lorenzo Agapitov, Oleksiy V. Akhavan-Tafti, Mojtaba Bale, Stuart D. Das, Srijan Bharati Bizien, Nina Bowen, Trevor A. de Wit, Thierry Dudok Froment, Clara Horbury, Timothy Huang, Jia Jagarlamudi, Vamsee Krishna Larosa, Andrea Madjarska, Maria S. Panasenco, Olga Pariat, Etienne Raouafi, Nour E. Rouillard, Alexis P. Ruffolo, David Sioulas, Nikos Soni, Shirsh Lata Sorriso-Valvo, Luca Suen, Gabriel Ho Hin Velli, Marco Verniero, Jaye |
| author_facet | Badman, Samuel T. Fargette, Naïs Matteini, Lorenzo Agapitov, Oleksiy V. Akhavan-Tafti, Mojtaba Bale, Stuart D. Das, Srijan Bharati Bizien, Nina Bowen, Trevor A. de Wit, Thierry Dudok Froment, Clara Horbury, Timothy Huang, Jia Jagarlamudi, Vamsee Krishna Larosa, Andrea Madjarska, Maria S. Panasenco, Olga Pariat, Etienne Raouafi, Nour E. Rouillard, Alexis P. Ruffolo, David Sioulas, Nikos Soni, Shirsh Lata Sorriso-Valvo, Luca Suen, Gabriel Ho Hin Velli, Marco Verniero, Jaye |
| contents | Magnetic switchbacks are fluctuations in the solar wind in which the interplanetary magnetic field sharply deflects away from its background direction so as to create folds in magnetic field lines while remaining of roughly constant magnitude. The magnetic field and velocity fluctuations are extremely well correlated in a way corresponding to Alfvénic fluctuations propagating away from the Sun. For a background field which is nearly radial this causes an outwardly propagating jet to form. Switchbacks and their characteristic velocity jets have recently been observed to be nearly ubiquitous by Parker Solar Probe with in situ measurements in the inner heliosphere within 0.3 AU. Their prevalence, substantial energy content, and potentially fundamental role in the dynamics of the outer corona and solar wind motivate the significant research efforts into their understanding. Here we review the in situ measurements of these structures (primarily by Parker Solar Probe). We discuss how they are identified and measured, and present an overview of the primary observational properties of these structures, both in terms of individual switchbacks and their collective arrangement into ``patches''. We identify both properties for which there is a strong consensus and those that have limited or qualified support and require further investigation. We identify and collate several open questions and recommendations for future studies. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_04165 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Properties of Magnetic Switchbacks in the Near-Sun Solar Wind Badman, Samuel T. Fargette, Naïs Matteini, Lorenzo Agapitov, Oleksiy V. Akhavan-Tafti, Mojtaba Bale, Stuart D. Das, Srijan Bharati Bizien, Nina Bowen, Trevor A. de Wit, Thierry Dudok Froment, Clara Horbury, Timothy Huang, Jia Jagarlamudi, Vamsee Krishna Larosa, Andrea Madjarska, Maria S. Panasenco, Olga Pariat, Etienne Raouafi, Nour E. Rouillard, Alexis P. Ruffolo, David Sioulas, Nikos Soni, Shirsh Lata Sorriso-Valvo, Luca Suen, Gabriel Ho Hin Velli, Marco Verniero, Jaye Space Physics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Plasma Physics Magnetic switchbacks are fluctuations in the solar wind in which the interplanetary magnetic field sharply deflects away from its background direction so as to create folds in magnetic field lines while remaining of roughly constant magnitude. The magnetic field and velocity fluctuations are extremely well correlated in a way corresponding to Alfvénic fluctuations propagating away from the Sun. For a background field which is nearly radial this causes an outwardly propagating jet to form. Switchbacks and their characteristic velocity jets have recently been observed to be nearly ubiquitous by Parker Solar Probe with in situ measurements in the inner heliosphere within 0.3 AU. Their prevalence, substantial energy content, and potentially fundamental role in the dynamics of the outer corona and solar wind motivate the significant research efforts into their understanding. Here we review the in situ measurements of these structures (primarily by Parker Solar Probe). We discuss how they are identified and measured, and present an overview of the primary observational properties of these structures, both in terms of individual switchbacks and their collective arrangement into ``patches''. We identify both properties for which there is a strong consensus and those that have limited or qualified support and require further investigation. We identify and collate several open questions and recommendations for future studies. |
| title | Properties of Magnetic Switchbacks in the Near-Sun Solar Wind |
| topic | Space Physics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Plasma Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.04165 |