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1. Verfasser: Daoud, Adel
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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Online-Zugang:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.04223
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author Daoud, Adel
author_facet Daoud, Adel
contents When sociologists and other social scientist ask whether the return to college differs by race and gender, they face a choice between two fundamentally different modes of inquiry. Traditional interaction models follow deductive logic: the researcher specifies which variables moderate effects and tests these hypotheses. Machine learning methods follow inductive logic: algorithms search across vast combinatorial spaces to discover patterns of heterogeneity. This article develops a framework for navigating between these approaches. We show that the choice between deduction and induction reflects a tradeoff between interpretability and flexibility, and we demonstrate through simulation when each approach excels. Our framework is particularly relevant for inequality research, where understanding how treatment effects vary across intersecting social subpopulation is substantively central.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_04223
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Beyond Interaction Effects: Two Logics for Studying Population Inequalities
Daoud, Adel
Computers and Society
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
General Economics
Economics
Methodology
When sociologists and other social scientist ask whether the return to college differs by race and gender, they face a choice between two fundamentally different modes of inquiry. Traditional interaction models follow deductive logic: the researcher specifies which variables moderate effects and tests these hypotheses. Machine learning methods follow inductive logic: algorithms search across vast combinatorial spaces to discover patterns of heterogeneity. This article develops a framework for navigating between these approaches. We show that the choice between deduction and induction reflects a tradeoff between interpretability and flexibility, and we demonstrate through simulation when each approach excels. Our framework is particularly relevant for inequality research, where understanding how treatment effects vary across intersecting social subpopulation is substantively central.
title Beyond Interaction Effects: Two Logics for Studying Population Inequalities
topic Computers and Society
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
General Economics
Economics
Methodology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.04223