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Main Authors: Kim, Dongjun, Yoon, Jeongho, Park, Chanjun, Lim, Heuiseok
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.04768
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author Kim, Dongjun
Yoon, Jeongho
Park, Chanjun
Lim, Heuiseok
author_facet Kim, Dongjun
Yoon, Jeongho
Park, Chanjun
Lim, Heuiseok
contents Dense retrieval in multilingual settings often searches over mixed-language collections, yet multilingual embeddings encode language identity alongside semantics. This language signal can inflate similarity for same-language pairs and crowd out relevant evidence written in other languages. We propose LANGSAE EDITING, a post-hoc sparse autoencoder trained on pooled embeddings that enables controllable removal of language-identity signal directly in vector space. The method identifies language-associated latent units using cross-language activation statistics, suppresses these units at inference time, and reconstructs embeddings in the original dimensionality, making it compatible with existing vector databases without retraining the base encoder or re-encoding raw text. Experiments across multiple languages show consistent improvements in ranking quality and cross-language coverage, with especially strong gains for script-distinct languages.
format Preprint
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publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle LANGSAE EDITING: Improving Multilingual Information Retrieval via Post-hoc Language Identity Removal
Kim, Dongjun
Yoon, Jeongho
Park, Chanjun
Lim, Heuiseok
Computation and Language
Information Retrieval
Dense retrieval in multilingual settings often searches over mixed-language collections, yet multilingual embeddings encode language identity alongside semantics. This language signal can inflate similarity for same-language pairs and crowd out relevant evidence written in other languages. We propose LANGSAE EDITING, a post-hoc sparse autoencoder trained on pooled embeddings that enables controllable removal of language-identity signal directly in vector space. The method identifies language-associated latent units using cross-language activation statistics, suppresses these units at inference time, and reconstructs embeddings in the original dimensionality, making it compatible with existing vector databases without retraining the base encoder or re-encoding raw text. Experiments across multiple languages show consistent improvements in ranking quality and cross-language coverage, with especially strong gains for script-distinct languages.
title LANGSAE EDITING: Improving Multilingual Information Retrieval via Post-hoc Language Identity Removal
topic Computation and Language
Information Retrieval
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.04768