Dynamic Thermal Feedback in Highly Immersive VR Scenarios: a Multimodal Analysis of User Experience

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Villenave, Sophie, Raimbaud, Pierre, Lavoué, Guillaume
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Villenave, Sophie
Raimbaud, Pierre
Lavoué, Guillaume
author_facet Villenave, Sophie
Raimbaud, Pierre
Lavoué, Guillaume
contents Thermal feedback is critical to a range of Virtual Reality (VR) applications, such as firefighting training or thermal comfort simulation. Previous studies showed that adding congruent thermal feedback positively influences User eXperience (UX). However, existing work did not compare different levels of thermal feedback quality and mostly used less immersive virtual environments. To investigate these gaps in the scientific literature, we conducted a within-participant user study in two highly-immersive scenarios, Desert Island (n=25) and Snowy Mountains (n=24). Participants explored the scenarios in three conditions (Audio-Visual only, Static-Thermal Feedback, and Dynamic-Thermal Feedback). To assess the complex and subtle effects of thermal feedback on UX, we performed a multimodal analysis by crossing data from questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and behavioral indicators. Our results show that despite an already high level of presence in the Audio-Visual only condition, adding thermal feedback increased presence further. Comparison between levels of thermal feedback quality showed no significant difference in UX questionnaires, however this result is nuanced according to participant profiles and interviews. Furthermore, we show that although the order of passage did not influence UX directly, it influenced user behavior. We propose guidelines for the use of thermal feedback in VR, and the design of studies in complex multisensory scenarios.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_04781
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Dynamic Thermal Feedback in Highly Immersive VR Scenarios: a Multimodal Analysis of User Experience
Villenave, Sophie
Raimbaud, Pierre
Lavoué, Guillaume
Human-Computer Interaction
H.5.1
Thermal feedback is critical to a range of Virtual Reality (VR) applications, such as firefighting training or thermal comfort simulation. Previous studies showed that adding congruent thermal feedback positively influences User eXperience (UX). However, existing work did not compare different levels of thermal feedback quality and mostly used less immersive virtual environments. To investigate these gaps in the scientific literature, we conducted a within-participant user study in two highly-immersive scenarios, Desert Island (n=25) and Snowy Mountains (n=24). Participants explored the scenarios in three conditions (Audio-Visual only, Static-Thermal Feedback, and Dynamic-Thermal Feedback). To assess the complex and subtle effects of thermal feedback on UX, we performed a multimodal analysis by crossing data from questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and behavioral indicators. Our results show that despite an already high level of presence in the Audio-Visual only condition, adding thermal feedback increased presence further. Comparison between levels of thermal feedback quality showed no significant difference in UX questionnaires, however this result is nuanced according to participant profiles and interviews. Furthermore, we show that although the order of passage did not influence UX directly, it influenced user behavior. We propose guidelines for the use of thermal feedback in VR, and the design of studies in complex multisensory scenarios.
title Dynamic Thermal Feedback in Highly Immersive VR Scenarios: a Multimodal Analysis of User Experience
topic Human-Computer Interaction
H.5.1
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.04781