High-Rate Free-Running Reference-Frame-Independent Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution with Classified Distillation
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866912810179493888 |
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| author | Liu, Xin Luo, Zhicheng Qin, Kaibiao Liu, Jiawang Zhang, Zhenrong Wei, Kejin |
| author_facet | Liu, Xin Luo, Zhicheng Qin, Kaibiao Liu, Jiawang Zhang, Zhenrong Wei, Kejin |
| contents | Reference-frame-independent measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (RFI-MDI-QKD) eliminates detector side-channel attacks and avoids reference-frame calibration. While its feasibility has been widely demonstrated, existing implementations typically assume fixed or slowly drifting reference-frame misalignment, conditions rarely satisfied outside the laboratory. In realistic environments, rapid and free-running reference-frame variations can severely degrade both the key rate and transmission distance of conventional RFI-MDI-QKD. Here we propose a free-running RFI-MDI-QKD protocol that maintains high-rate key generation under rapid reference-frame variations. By introducing a classification-distillation method that reclassifies total detection events, secure keys can be extracted without modifying the experimental setup. Our protocol achieves a key rate more than nine times higher than the best previous RFI-MDI-QKD scheme and tolerates channel losses exceeding 24 dB, where earlier approaches fail. These results enable practical quantum key distribution on mobile platforms, including satellite-to-ground links and airborne nodes. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_04949 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | High-Rate Free-Running Reference-Frame-Independent Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution with Classified Distillation Liu, Xin Luo, Zhicheng Qin, Kaibiao Liu, Jiawang Zhang, Zhenrong Wei, Kejin Quantum Physics Reference-frame-independent measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (RFI-MDI-QKD) eliminates detector side-channel attacks and avoids reference-frame calibration. While its feasibility has been widely demonstrated, existing implementations typically assume fixed or slowly drifting reference-frame misalignment, conditions rarely satisfied outside the laboratory. In realistic environments, rapid and free-running reference-frame variations can severely degrade both the key rate and transmission distance of conventional RFI-MDI-QKD. Here we propose a free-running RFI-MDI-QKD protocol that maintains high-rate key generation under rapid reference-frame variations. By introducing a classification-distillation method that reclassifies total detection events, secure keys can be extracted without modifying the experimental setup. Our protocol achieves a key rate more than nine times higher than the best previous RFI-MDI-QKD scheme and tolerates channel losses exceeding 24 dB, where earlier approaches fail. These results enable practical quantum key distribution on mobile platforms, including satellite-to-ground links and airborne nodes. |
| title | High-Rate Free-Running Reference-Frame-Independent Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution with Classified Distillation |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.04949 |