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Main Authors: Zhao, Ziqi, Ren, Zhaochun, Zou, Jiahong, Yang, Liu, Xu, Zhiwei, Ge, Xuri, Chen, Zhumin, Ma, Xinyu, Shi, Daiting, Wang, Shuaiqiang, Yin, Dawei, Xin, Xin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.05053
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author Zhao, Ziqi
Ren, Zhaochun
Zou, Jiahong
Yang, Liu
Xu, Zhiwei
Ge, Xuri
Chen, Zhumin
Ma, Xinyu
Shi, Daiting
Wang, Shuaiqiang
Yin, Dawei
Xin, Xin
author_facet Zhao, Ziqi
Ren, Zhaochun
Zou, Jiahong
Yang, Liu
Xu, Zhiwei
Ge, Xuri
Chen, Zhumin
Ma, Xinyu
Shi, Daiting
Wang, Shuaiqiang
Yin, Dawei
Xin, Xin
contents Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has proven effective in enhancing the reasoning of large language models (LLMs). Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS)-based extensions improve upon vanilla RLVR (e.g., GRPO) by providing tree-based reasoning rollouts that enable fine-grained and segment-level credit assignment. However, existing methods still suffer from limited exploration diversity and inefficient reasoning. To address the above challenges, we propose reinforced efficient reasoning via semantically diverse explorations, i.e., ROSE, for LLMs. To encourage more diverse reasoning exploration, our method incorporates a semantic-entropy-based branching strategy and an $\varepsilon$-exploration mechanism. The former operates on already sampled reasoning rollouts to capture semantic uncertainty and select branching points with high semantic divergence to generate new successive reasoning paths, whereas the latter stochastically initiates reasoning rollouts from the root, preventing the search process from becoming overly local. To improve efficiency, we design a length-aware segment-level advantage estimator that rewards concise and correct reasoning while penalizing unnecessarily long reasoning chains. Extensive experiments on various mathematical reasoning benchmarks with Qwen and Llama models validate the effectiveness and efficiency of ROSE. Codes are available at https://github.com/ZiqiZhao1/ROSE-rl.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_05053
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Reinforced Efficient Reasoning via Semantically Diverse Exploration
Zhao, Ziqi
Ren, Zhaochun
Zou, Jiahong
Yang, Liu
Xu, Zhiwei
Ge, Xuri
Chen, Zhumin
Ma, Xinyu
Shi, Daiting
Wang, Shuaiqiang
Yin, Dawei
Xin, Xin
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has proven effective in enhancing the reasoning of large language models (LLMs). Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS)-based extensions improve upon vanilla RLVR (e.g., GRPO) by providing tree-based reasoning rollouts that enable fine-grained and segment-level credit assignment. However, existing methods still suffer from limited exploration diversity and inefficient reasoning. To address the above challenges, we propose reinforced efficient reasoning via semantically diverse explorations, i.e., ROSE, for LLMs. To encourage more diverse reasoning exploration, our method incorporates a semantic-entropy-based branching strategy and an $\varepsilon$-exploration mechanism. The former operates on already sampled reasoning rollouts to capture semantic uncertainty and select branching points with high semantic divergence to generate new successive reasoning paths, whereas the latter stochastically initiates reasoning rollouts from the root, preventing the search process from becoming overly local. To improve efficiency, we design a length-aware segment-level advantage estimator that rewards concise and correct reasoning while penalizing unnecessarily long reasoning chains. Extensive experiments on various mathematical reasoning benchmarks with Qwen and Llama models validate the effectiveness and efficiency of ROSE. Codes are available at https://github.com/ZiqiZhao1/ROSE-rl.
title Reinforced Efficient Reasoning via Semantically Diverse Exploration
topic Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.05053