Why Are Verdazyl Radicals Non-Emissive? An Experimental and Computational Study

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Main Authors: Malinge, Alexandre, Thériault, Pierre-Luc, Kéna-Cohen, Stéphane
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Malinge, Alexandre
Thériault, Pierre-Luc
Kéna-Cohen, Stéphane
author_facet Malinge, Alexandre
Thériault, Pierre-Luc
Kéna-Cohen, Stéphane
contents Verdazyl radicals are a versatile class of air-stable organic radicals used in various applications, especially for their magnetic properties. Despite the development of a wide range of verdazyl derivatives, however, they are all non-emissive. To investigate the reasons behind this and to understand the excited-state dynamics of verdazyls, we combine steady-state and femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy with quantum chemical calculations. In the carbazole-substituted 2,4,6-triphenylverdazyl (TPV-Cz) , we observe ultrafast internal conversion of the first excited state on a timescale of 0.5 $\pm$ 0.1 ps, followed by vibrational relaxation with a lifetime of 3.7 $\pm$ 0.4 ps. Spin-flip time-dependent density functional theory calculations reveal that the sub-picosecond non-radiative decay comes from a low-energy conical intersection between the D1 and D0 states, driven by an out-of-plane distortion of the verdazyl ring. This distortion is observed and remains energetically accessible in the isolated verdazyl ring in 2,4,6-triphenylverdazyl and in TPV-Cz. This shows that the conical intersection geometry is a recurring feature across different types of verdazyl derivatives and explains why all verdazyls are non-emissive despite different functionalization. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding of the photophysical properties of verdazyl radicals and offers a pathway for the future design of emissive verdazyl derivatives.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_05390
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Why Are Verdazyl Radicals Non-Emissive? An Experimental and Computational Study
Malinge, Alexandre
Thériault, Pierre-Luc
Kéna-Cohen, Stéphane
Chemical Physics
Verdazyl radicals are a versatile class of air-stable organic radicals used in various applications, especially for their magnetic properties. Despite the development of a wide range of verdazyl derivatives, however, they are all non-emissive. To investigate the reasons behind this and to understand the excited-state dynamics of verdazyls, we combine steady-state and femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy with quantum chemical calculations. In the carbazole-substituted 2,4,6-triphenylverdazyl (TPV-Cz) , we observe ultrafast internal conversion of the first excited state on a timescale of 0.5 $\pm$ 0.1 ps, followed by vibrational relaxation with a lifetime of 3.7 $\pm$ 0.4 ps. Spin-flip time-dependent density functional theory calculations reveal that the sub-picosecond non-radiative decay comes from a low-energy conical intersection between the D1 and D0 states, driven by an out-of-plane distortion of the verdazyl ring. This distortion is observed and remains energetically accessible in the isolated verdazyl ring in 2,4,6-triphenylverdazyl and in TPV-Cz. This shows that the conical intersection geometry is a recurring feature across different types of verdazyl derivatives and explains why all verdazyls are non-emissive despite different functionalization. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding of the photophysical properties of verdazyl radicals and offers a pathway for the future design of emissive verdazyl derivatives.
title Why Are Verdazyl Radicals Non-Emissive? An Experimental and Computational Study
topic Chemical Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.05390