Jailbreaking Large Language Models through Iterative Tool-Disguised Attacks via Reinforcement Learning

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Wang, Zhaoqi, Zhang, Zijian, He, Daqing, Kou, Pengtao, Li, Xin, Liu, Jiamou, An, Jincheng, Liu, Yong
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Wang, Zhaoqi
Zhang, Zijian
He, Daqing
Kou, Pengtao
Li, Xin
Liu, Jiamou
An, Jincheng
Liu, Yong
author_facet Wang, Zhaoqi
Zhang, Zijian
He, Daqing
Kou, Pengtao
Li, Xin
Liu, Jiamou
An, Jincheng
Liu, Yong
contents Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse applications, however, they remain critically vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that elicit harmful responses violating human values and safety guidelines. Despite extensive research on defense mechanisms, existing safeguards prove insufficient against sophisticated adversarial strategies. In this work, we propose iMIST (\underline{i}nteractive \underline{M}ulti-step \underline{P}rogre\underline{s}sive \underline{T}ool-disguised Jailbreak Attack), a novel adaptive jailbreak method that synergistically exploits vulnerabilities in current defense mechanisms. iMIST disguises malicious queries as normal tool invocations to bypass content filters, while simultaneously introducing an interactive progressive optimization algorithm that dynamically escalates response harmfulness through multi-turn dialogues guided by real-time harmfulness assessment. Our experiments on widely-used models demonstrate that iMIST achieves higher attack effectiveness, while maintaining low rejection rates. These results reveal critical vulnerabilities in current LLM safety mechanisms and underscore the urgent need for more robust defense strategies.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_05466
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Jailbreaking Large Language Models through Iterative Tool-Disguised Attacks via Reinforcement Learning
Wang, Zhaoqi
Zhang, Zijian
He, Daqing
Kou, Pengtao
Li, Xin
Liu, Jiamou
An, Jincheng
Liu, Yong
Cryptography and Security
Artificial Intelligence
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse applications, however, they remain critically vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that elicit harmful responses violating human values and safety guidelines. Despite extensive research on defense mechanisms, existing safeguards prove insufficient against sophisticated adversarial strategies. In this work, we propose iMIST (\underline{i}nteractive \underline{M}ulti-step \underline{P}rogre\underline{s}sive \underline{T}ool-disguised Jailbreak Attack), a novel adaptive jailbreak method that synergistically exploits vulnerabilities in current defense mechanisms. iMIST disguises malicious queries as normal tool invocations to bypass content filters, while simultaneously introducing an interactive progressive optimization algorithm that dynamically escalates response harmfulness through multi-turn dialogues guided by real-time harmfulness assessment. Our experiments on widely-used models demonstrate that iMIST achieves higher attack effectiveness, while maintaining low rejection rates. These results reveal critical vulnerabilities in current LLM safety mechanisms and underscore the urgent need for more robust defense strategies.
title Jailbreaking Large Language Models through Iterative Tool-Disguised Attacks via Reinforcement Learning
topic Cryptography and Security
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.05466