Probing Cosmic Expansion and Early Universe with Einstein Telescope
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2026
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| author | Ricciardone, Angelo Sakellariadou, Mairi Ghosh, Archisman Agapito, Alessandro Artale, M. Celeste Bacchi, Michael Baker, Tessa Baldi, Marco Bartolo, Nicola Begnoni, Andrea Belgacem, Enis Biesiada, Marek Blanco-Pillado, Jose J. Bulik, Tomasz Branchesi, Marica Calcagni, Gianluca Capurri, Giulia Carbone, Carmelita Casadio, Roberto Cembranos, J. A. R. Cozzumbo, Andrea De Martino, Ivan Diego, Jose M. Dimastrogiovanni, Emanuela Domènech, Guillem Dupletsa, Ulyana Duval, Hannah Franciolini, Gabriele Giusti, Andrea Greco, Giuseppe Heisenberg, Lavinia Jenkins, Alexander C. Kumar, Sumit Lambiase, Gaetano Maggiore, Michele Mancarella, Michele Marulli, Federico Matarrese, Sabino de Matos, Isabela Santiago Moresco, Michele Murgia, Riccardo Musco, Ilia Perna, Gabriele Punturo, Michele Rubiera-Garcia, Diego Rubio, Javier Sevrin, Alexander Sturani, Riccardo Tagliazucchi, Matteo Tamanini, Nicola Tronconi, Alessandro Vaskonen, Ville Vernieri, Daniele Yazadjiev, Stoytcho Zavala, Ivonne |
| author_facet | Ricciardone, Angelo Sakellariadou, Mairi Ghosh, Archisman Agapito, Alessandro Artale, M. Celeste Bacchi, Michael Baker, Tessa Baldi, Marco Bartolo, Nicola Begnoni, Andrea Belgacem, Enis Biesiada, Marek Blanco-Pillado, Jose J. Bulik, Tomasz Branchesi, Marica Calcagni, Gianluca Capurri, Giulia Carbone, Carmelita Casadio, Roberto Cembranos, J. A. R. Cozzumbo, Andrea De Martino, Ivan Diego, Jose M. Dimastrogiovanni, Emanuela Domènech, Guillem Dupletsa, Ulyana Duval, Hannah Franciolini, Gabriele Giusti, Andrea Greco, Giuseppe Heisenberg, Lavinia Jenkins, Alexander C. Kumar, Sumit Lambiase, Gaetano Maggiore, Michele Mancarella, Michele Marulli, Federico Matarrese, Sabino de Matos, Isabela Santiago Moresco, Michele Murgia, Riccardo Musco, Ilia Perna, Gabriele Punturo, Michele Rubiera-Garcia, Diego Rubio, Javier Sevrin, Alexander Sturani, Riccardo Tagliazucchi, Matteo Tamanini, Nicola Tronconi, Alessandro Vaskonen, Ville Vernieri, Daniele Yazadjiev, Stoytcho Zavala, Ivonne |
| contents | Over the next two decades, gravitational-wave (GW) observations are expected to evolve from a discovery-driven endeavour into a precision tool for astrophysics, cosmology, and fundamental physics. Current second-generation ground-based detectors have established the existence of compact-binary mergers and enabled GW multi-messenger astronomy, but they remain limited in sensitivity, redshift reach, frequency coverage, and duty cycle. These limitations prevent them from addressing many fundamental open questions in cosmology. By the 2040s, wide-field electromagnetic surveys will have mapped the luminous Universe with unprecedented depth and accuracy. Nevertheless, key problems including the nature of dark matter, the physical origin of cosmic acceleration, the properties of gravity on cosmological scales, and the physical conditions of the earliest moments after the Big Bang will remain only partially constrained by electromagnetic observations alone. Progress on these fronts requires access to physical processes and epochs that do not emit light. Gravitational waves provide a unique and complementary observational channel: they propagate over cosmological distances largely unaffected by intervening matter, probe extreme astrophysical environments, and respond directly to the geometry of spacetime. In this context, next-generation GW observatories such as the Einstein Telescope (ET) will be transformative for European astronomy. Operating at sensitivities and frequencies beyond existing detectors, ET will observe binary black holes and neutron stars out to previously inaccessible redshifts, enable continuous high signal-to-noise monitoring of compact sources, and detect gravitational-wave backgrounds of astrophysical and cosmological origin. Together with space-based detectors, ET will play a central role in advancing our understanding of cosmic evolution and fundamental physics. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_06017 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Probing Cosmic Expansion and Early Universe with Einstein Telescope Ricciardone, Angelo Sakellariadou, Mairi Ghosh, Archisman Agapito, Alessandro Artale, M. Celeste Bacchi, Michael Baker, Tessa Baldi, Marco Bartolo, Nicola Begnoni, Andrea Belgacem, Enis Biesiada, Marek Blanco-Pillado, Jose J. Bulik, Tomasz Branchesi, Marica Calcagni, Gianluca Capurri, Giulia Carbone, Carmelita Casadio, Roberto Cembranos, J. A. R. Cozzumbo, Andrea De Martino, Ivan Diego, Jose M. Dimastrogiovanni, Emanuela Domènech, Guillem Dupletsa, Ulyana Duval, Hannah Franciolini, Gabriele Giusti, Andrea Greco, Giuseppe Heisenberg, Lavinia Jenkins, Alexander C. Kumar, Sumit Lambiase, Gaetano Maggiore, Michele Mancarella, Michele Marulli, Federico Matarrese, Sabino de Matos, Isabela Santiago Moresco, Michele Murgia, Riccardo Musco, Ilia Perna, Gabriele Punturo, Michele Rubiera-Garcia, Diego Rubio, Javier Sevrin, Alexander Sturani, Riccardo Tagliazucchi, Matteo Tamanini, Nicola Tronconi, Alessandro Vaskonen, Ville Vernieri, Daniele Yazadjiev, Stoytcho Zavala, Ivonne Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology Over the next two decades, gravitational-wave (GW) observations are expected to evolve from a discovery-driven endeavour into a precision tool for astrophysics, cosmology, and fundamental physics. Current second-generation ground-based detectors have established the existence of compact-binary mergers and enabled GW multi-messenger astronomy, but they remain limited in sensitivity, redshift reach, frequency coverage, and duty cycle. These limitations prevent them from addressing many fundamental open questions in cosmology. By the 2040s, wide-field electromagnetic surveys will have mapped the luminous Universe with unprecedented depth and accuracy. Nevertheless, key problems including the nature of dark matter, the physical origin of cosmic acceleration, the properties of gravity on cosmological scales, and the physical conditions of the earliest moments after the Big Bang will remain only partially constrained by electromagnetic observations alone. Progress on these fronts requires access to physical processes and epochs that do not emit light. Gravitational waves provide a unique and complementary observational channel: they propagate over cosmological distances largely unaffected by intervening matter, probe extreme astrophysical environments, and respond directly to the geometry of spacetime. In this context, next-generation GW observatories such as the Einstein Telescope (ET) will be transformative for European astronomy. Operating at sensitivities and frequencies beyond existing detectors, ET will observe binary black holes and neutron stars out to previously inaccessible redshifts, enable continuous high signal-to-noise monitoring of compact sources, and detect gravitational-wave backgrounds of astrophysical and cosmological origin. Together with space-based detectors, ET will play a central role in advancing our understanding of cosmic evolution and fundamental physics. |
| title | Probing Cosmic Expansion and Early Universe with Einstein Telescope |
| topic | Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.06017 |