Temperature-Dependent CPT Violation: Constraints from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Barenboim, Gabriela Burns, Anne-Katherine |
| author_facet | Barenboim, Gabriela Burns, Anne-Katherine |
| contents | In this study, we explore temperature-dependent CPT violation during Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) through electron-positron mass asymmetries parametrized by $b_0(T) = αT^2$. The $T^2$ scaling naturally evades stringent laboratory bounds at zero temperature while allowing for significant CPT violation at MeV scales in the early universe \cite{ParticleDataGroup:2024cfk}. Using a modified version of the BBN code \faGithub \href{https://github.com/vallima/PRyMordial}{\,\texttt{PRyMordial}} with dynamically-solved chemical potentials and appropriate finite-mass corrections, we constrain electron-positron mass differences from observed abundances of Helium-4, Deuterium, and $N_{\rm eff}$. We find that $α$ must be greater than or approximately equal to $10^{-6}$ GeV$^{-1}$ for keV-scale mass differences at BBN. All three observables show no simultaneous $1σ$ overlap, though pairwise combinations allow for constrained regions of parameter space. We present three toy models demonstrating how $b_0(T) \propto T^2$ arises from field-theoretic mechanisms, including temperature-driven phase transitions. These results provide the most stringent constraints on early-universe CPT violation in this regime, probing parameter space inaccessible to laboratory experiments. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_06259 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Temperature-Dependent CPT Violation: Constraints from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Barenboim, Gabriela Burns, Anne-Katherine High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics In this study, we explore temperature-dependent CPT violation during Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) through electron-positron mass asymmetries parametrized by $b_0(T) = αT^2$. The $T^2$ scaling naturally evades stringent laboratory bounds at zero temperature while allowing for significant CPT violation at MeV scales in the early universe \cite{ParticleDataGroup:2024cfk}. Using a modified version of the BBN code \faGithub \href{https://github.com/vallima/PRyMordial}{\,\texttt{PRyMordial}} with dynamically-solved chemical potentials and appropriate finite-mass corrections, we constrain electron-positron mass differences from observed abundances of Helium-4, Deuterium, and $N_{\rm eff}$. We find that $α$ must be greater than or approximately equal to $10^{-6}$ GeV$^{-1}$ for keV-scale mass differences at BBN. All three observables show no simultaneous $1σ$ overlap, though pairwise combinations allow for constrained regions of parameter space. We present three toy models demonstrating how $b_0(T) \propto T^2$ arises from field-theoretic mechanisms, including temperature-driven phase transitions. These results provide the most stringent constraints on early-universe CPT violation in this regime, probing parameter space inaccessible to laboratory experiments. |
| title | Temperature-Dependent CPT Violation: Constraints from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.06259 |