Mining Quantum Software Patterns in Open-Source Projects

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Ramalho, Neilson Carlos Leite, da Silva, Erico A., de Souza, Higor Amario, Chaim, Marcos Lordello
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author Ramalho, Neilson Carlos Leite
da Silva, Erico A.
de Souza, Higor Amario
Chaim, Marcos Lordello
author_facet Ramalho, Neilson Carlos Leite
da Silva, Erico A.
de Souza, Higor Amario
Chaim, Marcos Lordello
contents Quantum computing has become an active research field in recent years, as its applications in fields such as cryptography, optimization, and materials science are promising. Along with these developments, challenges and opportunities exist in the field of Quantum Software Engineering, as the development of frameworks and higher-level abstractions has attracted practitioners from diverse backgrounds. Unlike initial quantum frameworks based on the circuit model, recent frameworks and libraries leverage higher-level abstractions for creating quantum programs. This paper presents an empirical study of 985 Jupyter Notebooks from 80 open-source projects to investigate how quantum patterns are applied in practice. Our work involved two main stages. First, we built a knowledge base from three quantum computing frameworks (Qiskit, PennyLane, and Classiq). This process led us to identify and document 9 new patterns that refine and extend the existing quantum computing pattern catalog. Second, we developed a reusable semantic search tool to automatically detect these patterns across our large-scale dataset, providing a practitioner-focused analysis. Our results show that developers use patterns in three levels: from foundational circuit utilities, to common algorithmic primitives (e.g., Amplitude Amplification), up to domain-specific applications for finance and optimization. This indicates a maturing field where developers are increasingly using high-level building blocks to solve real-world problems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_06281
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Mining Quantum Software Patterns in Open-Source Projects
Ramalho, Neilson Carlos Leite
da Silva, Erico A.
de Souza, Higor Amario
Chaim, Marcos Lordello
Software Engineering
Quantum Physics
Quantum computing has become an active research field in recent years, as its applications in fields such as cryptography, optimization, and materials science are promising. Along with these developments, challenges and opportunities exist in the field of Quantum Software Engineering, as the development of frameworks and higher-level abstractions has attracted practitioners from diverse backgrounds. Unlike initial quantum frameworks based on the circuit model, recent frameworks and libraries leverage higher-level abstractions for creating quantum programs. This paper presents an empirical study of 985 Jupyter Notebooks from 80 open-source projects to investigate how quantum patterns are applied in practice. Our work involved two main stages. First, we built a knowledge base from three quantum computing frameworks (Qiskit, PennyLane, and Classiq). This process led us to identify and document 9 new patterns that refine and extend the existing quantum computing pattern catalog. Second, we developed a reusable semantic search tool to automatically detect these patterns across our large-scale dataset, providing a practitioner-focused analysis. Our results show that developers use patterns in three levels: from foundational circuit utilities, to common algorithmic primitives (e.g., Amplitude Amplification), up to domain-specific applications for finance and optimization. This indicates a maturing field where developers are increasingly using high-level building blocks to solve real-world problems.
title Mining Quantum Software Patterns in Open-Source Projects
topic Software Engineering
Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.06281