zkRansomware: Proof-of-Data Recoverability and Multi-round Game Theoretic Modeling of Ransomware Decisions

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Hou, Xinyu, Lu, Yang, Karanjai, Rabimba, Xu, Lei, Shi, Weidong
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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author Hou, Xinyu
Lu, Yang
Karanjai, Rabimba
Xu, Lei
Shi, Weidong
author_facet Hou, Xinyu
Lu, Yang
Karanjai, Rabimba
Xu, Lei
Shi, Weidong
contents Ransomware is still one of the most serious cybersecurity threats. Victims often pay but fail to regain access to their data, while also facing the danger of losing data privacy. These uncertainties heavily shape the attacker-victim dynamics in decision-making. In this paper, we introduce and analyze zkRansomware. This new ransomware model integrates zero-knowledge proofs to enable verifiable data recovery and uses smart contracts to enforce multi-round payments while mitigating the risk of data disclosure and privacy loss. We show that zkRansomware is technically feasible using existing cryptographic and blockchain tools and, perhaps counterintuitively, can align incentives between the attacker and the victim. Finally, we develop a theoretical decision-making framework for zkRansomware that distinguishes it from known ransomware decision models and discusses its implications for ransomware risk analysis and response decision support.
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institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle zkRansomware: Proof-of-Data Recoverability and Multi-round Game Theoretic Modeling of Ransomware Decisions
Hou, Xinyu
Lu, Yang
Karanjai, Rabimba
Xu, Lei
Shi, Weidong
Cryptography and Security
Software Engineering
Ransomware is still one of the most serious cybersecurity threats. Victims often pay but fail to regain access to their data, while also facing the danger of losing data privacy. These uncertainties heavily shape the attacker-victim dynamics in decision-making. In this paper, we introduce and analyze zkRansomware. This new ransomware model integrates zero-knowledge proofs to enable verifiable data recovery and uses smart contracts to enforce multi-round payments while mitigating the risk of data disclosure and privacy loss. We show that zkRansomware is technically feasible using existing cryptographic and blockchain tools and, perhaps counterintuitively, can align incentives between the attacker and the victim. Finally, we develop a theoretical decision-making framework for zkRansomware that distinguishes it from known ransomware decision models and discusses its implications for ransomware risk analysis and response decision support.
title zkRansomware: Proof-of-Data Recoverability and Multi-round Game Theoretic Modeling of Ransomware Decisions
topic Cryptography and Security
Software Engineering
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.06667