USFetal: Tools for Fetal Brain Ultrasound Compounding

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Khateri, Mohammad, Ghahremani, Morteza, Valencia, Sergio, Jaimes, Camilo, Sierra, Alejandra, Tohka, Jussi, Grant, P. Ellen, Karimi, Davood
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Khateri, Mohammad
Ghahremani, Morteza
Valencia, Sergio
Jaimes, Camilo
Sierra, Alejandra
Tohka, Jussi
Grant, P. Ellen
Karimi, Davood
author_facet Khateri, Mohammad
Ghahremani, Morteza
Valencia, Sergio
Jaimes, Camilo
Sierra, Alejandra
Tohka, Jussi
Grant, P. Ellen
Karimi, Davood
contents Ultrasound offers a safe, cost-effective, and widely accessible technology for fetal brain imaging, making it especially suitable for routine clinical use. However, it suffers from view-dependent artifacts, operator variability, and a limited field of view, which make interpretation and quantitative evaluation challenging. Ultrasound compounding aims to overcome these limitations by integrating complementary information from multiple 3D acquisitions into a single, coherent volumetric representation. This work provides four main contributions: (1) We present the first systematic categorization of computational strategies for fetal brain ultrasound compounding, including both classical techniques and modern learning-based frameworks. (2) We implement and compare representative methods across four key categories - multi-scale, transformation-based, variational, and deep learning approaches - emphasizing their core principles and practical advantages. (3) Motivated by the lack of full-view, artifact-free ground truth required for supervised learning, we focus on unsupervised and self-supervised strategies and introduce two new deep learning based approaches: a self-supervised compounding framework and an adaptation of unsupervised deep plug-and-play priors for compounding. (4) We conduct a comprehensive evaluation on ten multi-view fetal brain ultrasound datasets, using both expert radiologist scoring and standard quantitative image-quality metrics. We also release the USFetal Compounding Toolbox, publicly available to support benchmarking and future research. Keywords: Ultrasound compounding, fetal brain, deep learning, self-supervised, unsupervised.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_06726
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle USFetal: Tools for Fetal Brain Ultrasound Compounding
Khateri, Mohammad
Ghahremani, Morteza
Valencia, Sergio
Jaimes, Camilo
Sierra, Alejandra
Tohka, Jussi
Grant, P. Ellen
Karimi, Davood
Image and Video Processing
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Ultrasound offers a safe, cost-effective, and widely accessible technology for fetal brain imaging, making it especially suitable for routine clinical use. However, it suffers from view-dependent artifacts, operator variability, and a limited field of view, which make interpretation and quantitative evaluation challenging. Ultrasound compounding aims to overcome these limitations by integrating complementary information from multiple 3D acquisitions into a single, coherent volumetric representation. This work provides four main contributions: (1) We present the first systematic categorization of computational strategies for fetal brain ultrasound compounding, including both classical techniques and modern learning-based frameworks. (2) We implement and compare representative methods across four key categories - multi-scale, transformation-based, variational, and deep learning approaches - emphasizing their core principles and practical advantages. (3) Motivated by the lack of full-view, artifact-free ground truth required for supervised learning, we focus on unsupervised and self-supervised strategies and introduce two new deep learning based approaches: a self-supervised compounding framework and an adaptation of unsupervised deep plug-and-play priors for compounding. (4) We conduct a comprehensive evaluation on ten multi-view fetal brain ultrasound datasets, using both expert radiologist scoring and standard quantitative image-quality metrics. We also release the USFetal Compounding Toolbox, publicly available to support benchmarking and future research. Keywords: Ultrasound compounding, fetal brain, deep learning, self-supervised, unsupervised.
title USFetal: Tools for Fetal Brain Ultrasound Compounding
topic Image and Video Processing
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.06726