No More Stale Feedback: Co-Evolving Critics for Open-World Agent Learning

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Li, Zhicong, Jiang, Lingjie, Hu, Yulan, Zeng, Xingchen, Li, Yixia, Zhang, Xiangwen, Chen, Guanhua, Pan, Zheng, Li, Xin, Liu, Yong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Li, Zhicong
Jiang, Lingjie
Hu, Yulan
Zeng, Xingchen
Li, Yixia
Zhang, Xiangwen
Chen, Guanhua
Pan, Zheng
Li, Xin
Liu, Yong
author_facet Li, Zhicong
Jiang, Lingjie
Hu, Yulan
Zeng, Xingchen
Li, Yixia
Zhang, Xiangwen
Chen, Guanhua
Pan, Zheng
Li, Xin
Liu, Yong
contents Critique-guided reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for training LLM agents by augmenting sparse outcome rewards with natural-language feedback. However, current methods often rely on static or offline critic models, which fail to adapt as the policy evolves. In on-policy RL, the agent's error patterns shift over time, causing stationary critics to become stale and providing feedback of diminishing utility. To address this, we introduce ECHO (Evolving Critic for Hindsight-Guided Optimization)}, a framework that jointly optimizes the policy and critic through a synchronized co-evolutionary loop. ECHO utilizes a cascaded rollout mechanism where the critic generates multiple diagnoses for an initial trajectory, followed by policy refinement to enable group-structured advantage estimation. We address the challenge of learning plateaus via a saturation-aware gain shaping objective, which rewards the critic for inducing incremental improvements in high-performing trajectories. By employing dual-track GRPO updates, ECHO ensures the critic's feedback stays synchronized with the evolving policy. Experimental results show that ECHO yields more stable training and higher long-horizon task success across open-world environments.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_06794
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle No More Stale Feedback: Co-Evolving Critics for Open-World Agent Learning
Li, Zhicong
Jiang, Lingjie
Hu, Yulan
Zeng, Xingchen
Li, Yixia
Zhang, Xiangwen
Chen, Guanhua
Pan, Zheng
Li, Xin
Liu, Yong
Artificial Intelligence
Critique-guided reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for training LLM agents by augmenting sparse outcome rewards with natural-language feedback. However, current methods often rely on static or offline critic models, which fail to adapt as the policy evolves. In on-policy RL, the agent's error patterns shift over time, causing stationary critics to become stale and providing feedback of diminishing utility. To address this, we introduce ECHO (Evolving Critic for Hindsight-Guided Optimization)}, a framework that jointly optimizes the policy and critic through a synchronized co-evolutionary loop. ECHO utilizes a cascaded rollout mechanism where the critic generates multiple diagnoses for an initial trajectory, followed by policy refinement to enable group-structured advantage estimation. We address the challenge of learning plateaus via a saturation-aware gain shaping objective, which rewards the critic for inducing incremental improvements in high-performing trajectories. By employing dual-track GRPO updates, ECHO ensures the critic's feedback stays synchronized with the evolving policy. Experimental results show that ECHO yields more stable training and higher long-horizon task success across open-world environments.
title No More Stale Feedback: Co-Evolving Critics for Open-World Agent Learning
topic Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.06794