Tight Analysis of Decentralized SGD: A Markov Chain Perspective

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Versini, Lucas, Mangold, Paul, Dieuleveut, Aymeric
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Versini, Lucas
Mangold, Paul
Dieuleveut, Aymeric
author_facet Versini, Lucas
Mangold, Paul
Dieuleveut, Aymeric
contents We propose a novel analysis of the Decentralized Stochastic Gradient Descent (DSGD) algorithm with constant step size, interpreting the iterates of the algorithm as a Markov chain. We show that DSGD converges to a stationary distribution, with its bias, to first order, decomposable into two components: one due to decentralization (growing with the graph's spectral gap and clients' heterogeneity) and one due to stochasticity. Remarkably, the variance of local parameters is, at the first-order, inversely proportional to the number of clients, regardless of the network topology and even when clients' iterates are not averaged at the end. As a consequence of our analysis, we obtain non-asymptotic convergence bounds for clients' local iterates, confirming that DSGD has linear speed-up in the number of clients, and that the network topology only impacts higher-order terms.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_07021
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Tight Analysis of Decentralized SGD: A Markov Chain Perspective
Versini, Lucas
Mangold, Paul
Dieuleveut, Aymeric
Machine Learning
We propose a novel analysis of the Decentralized Stochastic Gradient Descent (DSGD) algorithm with constant step size, interpreting the iterates of the algorithm as a Markov chain. We show that DSGD converges to a stationary distribution, with its bias, to first order, decomposable into two components: one due to decentralization (growing with the graph's spectral gap and clients' heterogeneity) and one due to stochasticity. Remarkably, the variance of local parameters is, at the first-order, inversely proportional to the number of clients, regardless of the network topology and even when clients' iterates are not averaged at the end. As a consequence of our analysis, we obtain non-asymptotic convergence bounds for clients' local iterates, confirming that DSGD has linear speed-up in the number of clients, and that the network topology only impacts higher-order terms.
title Tight Analysis of Decentralized SGD: A Markov Chain Perspective
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.07021