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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Green, Nathan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.07532
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author Green, Nathan
author_facet Green, Nathan
contents Indirect treatment comparisons (ITCs) are essential in Health Technology Assessment (HTA) when head-to-head clinical trials are absent. A common challenge arises when attempting to compare a treatment with available individual patient data (IPD) against a competitor with only reported aggregate-level data (ALD), particularly when trial populations differ in effect modifiers. While methods such as Matching-Adjusted Indirect Comparison (MAIC) and Simulated Treatment Comparison (STC) exist to adjust for these cross-trial differences, software implementations have often been fragmented or limited in scope. This article introduces outstandR, an R package designed to provide a comprehensive and unified framework for population-adjusted indirect comparison (PAIC). Beyond standard weighting and regression approaches, outstandR implements advanced G-computation methods within both maximum likelihood and Bayesian frameworks, and Multiple Imputation Marginalization (MIM) to address non-collapsibility and missing data. By streamlining the workflow of covariate simulation, model standardization, and contrast estimation, outstandR enables robust and compatible evidence synthesis in complex decision-making scenarios.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_07532
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Population-Adjusted Indirect Treatment Comparison with the outstandR Package in R
Green, Nathan
Computation
Indirect treatment comparisons (ITCs) are essential in Health Technology Assessment (HTA) when head-to-head clinical trials are absent. A common challenge arises when attempting to compare a treatment with available individual patient data (IPD) against a competitor with only reported aggregate-level data (ALD), particularly when trial populations differ in effect modifiers. While methods such as Matching-Adjusted Indirect Comparison (MAIC) and Simulated Treatment Comparison (STC) exist to adjust for these cross-trial differences, software implementations have often been fragmented or limited in scope. This article introduces outstandR, an R package designed to provide a comprehensive and unified framework for population-adjusted indirect comparison (PAIC). Beyond standard weighting and regression approaches, outstandR implements advanced G-computation methods within both maximum likelihood and Bayesian frameworks, and Multiple Imputation Marginalization (MIM) to address non-collapsibility and missing data. By streamlining the workflow of covariate simulation, model standardization, and contrast estimation, outstandR enables robust and compatible evidence synthesis in complex decision-making scenarios.
title Population-Adjusted Indirect Treatment Comparison with the outstandR Package in R
topic Computation
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.07532