Dynamical gluon effects in twist-3 generalized parton distributions of the proton
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866918283998920704 |
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| author | Zhang, Ziqi Mondal, Chandan Xu, Siqi Zhao, Xingbo Vary, James P. |
| author_facet | Zhang, Ziqi Mondal, Chandan Xu, Siqi Zhao, Xingbo Vary, James P. |
| contents | Within the Basis Light-Front Quantization framework, we systematically investigate the subleading-twist (twist-3) generalized parton distributions (GPDs) of the proton's valence quarks beyond the Wandzura--Wilczek (WW) approximation. The twist-3 GPDs are not independent; through the equations of motion they decompose into a non-genuine contribution and a genuine twist-3 term. The latter encodes quark--quark--gluon correlations and involves interference between the light-front Fock sectors |qqq> and |qqqg>, which are typically neglected in the WW approximation. Using light-front wave functions obtained from diagonalizing the proton light-front Hamiltonian for its |qqq> and |qqqg> Fock components, we compute these GPDs via their overlap representations. To further explore their physical implications, we also evaluate several twist-3--related quantities, including the quark orbital angular momentum, the total quark spin contribution, and the quark spin--orbit correlation. Our results provide new nonperturbative input on higher-twist dynamics particularly multi-parton interference effects relevant for future measurements at the EicC and the EIC. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_07590 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Dynamical gluon effects in twist-3 generalized parton distributions of the proton Zhang, Ziqi Mondal, Chandan Xu, Siqi Zhao, Xingbo Vary, James P. High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Nuclear Theory Within the Basis Light-Front Quantization framework, we systematically investigate the subleading-twist (twist-3) generalized parton distributions (GPDs) of the proton's valence quarks beyond the Wandzura--Wilczek (WW) approximation. The twist-3 GPDs are not independent; through the equations of motion they decompose into a non-genuine contribution and a genuine twist-3 term. The latter encodes quark--quark--gluon correlations and involves interference between the light-front Fock sectors |qqq> and |qqqg>, which are typically neglected in the WW approximation. Using light-front wave functions obtained from diagonalizing the proton light-front Hamiltonian for its |qqq> and |qqqg> Fock components, we compute these GPDs via their overlap representations. To further explore their physical implications, we also evaluate several twist-3--related quantities, including the quark orbital angular momentum, the total quark spin contribution, and the quark spin--orbit correlation. Our results provide new nonperturbative input on higher-twist dynamics particularly multi-parton interference effects relevant for future measurements at the EicC and the EIC. |
| title | Dynamical gluon effects in twist-3 generalized parton distributions of the proton |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Nuclear Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.07590 |