FMAC: a Fair Fiducial Marker Accuracy Comparison Software

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Laurent, Guillaume J., Sandoz, Patrick
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Laurent, Guillaume J.
Sandoz, Patrick
author_facet Laurent, Guillaume J.
Sandoz, Patrick
contents This paper presents a method for carrying fair comparisons of the accuracy of pose estimation using fiducial markers. These comparisons rely on large sets of high-fidelity synthetic images enabling deep exploration of the 6 degrees of freedom. A low-discrepancy sampling of the space allows to check the correlations between each degree of freedom and the pose errors by plotting the 36 pairs of combinations. The images are rendered using a physically based ray tracing code that has been specifically developed to use the standard calibration coefficients of any camera directly. The software reproduces image distortions, defocus and diffraction blur. Furthermore, sub-pixel sampling is applied to sharp edges to enhance the fidelity of the rendered image. After introducing the rendering algorithm and its experimental validation, the paper proposes a method for evaluating the pose accuracy. This method is applied to well-known markers, revealing their strengths and weaknesses for pose estimation. The code is open source and available on GitHub.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_07723
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle FMAC: a Fair Fiducial Marker Accuracy Comparison Software
Laurent, Guillaume J.
Sandoz, Patrick
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Robotics
This paper presents a method for carrying fair comparisons of the accuracy of pose estimation using fiducial markers. These comparisons rely on large sets of high-fidelity synthetic images enabling deep exploration of the 6 degrees of freedom. A low-discrepancy sampling of the space allows to check the correlations between each degree of freedom and the pose errors by plotting the 36 pairs of combinations. The images are rendered using a physically based ray tracing code that has been specifically developed to use the standard calibration coefficients of any camera directly. The software reproduces image distortions, defocus and diffraction blur. Furthermore, sub-pixel sampling is applied to sharp edges to enhance the fidelity of the rendered image. After introducing the rendering algorithm and its experimental validation, the paper proposes a method for evaluating the pose accuracy. This method is applied to well-known markers, revealing their strengths and weaknesses for pose estimation. The code is open source and available on GitHub.
title FMAC: a Fair Fiducial Marker Accuracy Comparison Software
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.07723