Failure-Aware RL: Reliable Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning with Self-Recovery for Real-World Manipulation

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Li, Huanyu, Lei, Kun, Zang, Sheng, Hu, Kaizhe, Liang, Yongyuan, An, Bo, Li, Xiaoli, Xu, Huazhe
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author Li, Huanyu
Lei, Kun
Zang, Sheng
Hu, Kaizhe
Liang, Yongyuan
An, Bo
Li, Xiaoli
Xu, Huazhe
author_facet Li, Huanyu
Lei, Kun
Zang, Sheng
Hu, Kaizhe
Liang, Yongyuan
An, Bo
Li, Xiaoli
Xu, Huazhe
contents Post-training algorithms based on deep reinforcement learning can push the limits of robotic models for specific objectives, such as generalizability, accuracy, and robustness. However, Intervention-requiring Failures (IR Failures) (e.g., a robot spilling water or breaking fragile glass) during real-world exploration happen inevitably, hindering the practical deployment of such a paradigm. To tackle this, we introduce Failure-Aware Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning (FARL), a new paradigm minimizing failures during real-world reinforcement learning. We create FailureBench, a benchmark that incorporates common failure scenarios requiring human intervention, and propose an algorithm that integrates a world-model-based safety critic and a recovery policy trained offline to prevent failures during online exploration. Extensive simulation and real-world experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of FARL in significantly reducing IR Failures while improving performance and generalization during online reinforcement learning post-training. FARL reduces IR Failures by 73.1% while elevating performance by 11.3% on average during real-world RL post-training. Videos and code are available at https://failure-aware-rl.github.io.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_07821
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Failure-Aware RL: Reliable Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning with Self-Recovery for Real-World Manipulation
Li, Huanyu
Lei, Kun
Zang, Sheng
Hu, Kaizhe
Liang, Yongyuan
An, Bo
Li, Xiaoli
Xu, Huazhe
Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Post-training algorithms based on deep reinforcement learning can push the limits of robotic models for specific objectives, such as generalizability, accuracy, and robustness. However, Intervention-requiring Failures (IR Failures) (e.g., a robot spilling water or breaking fragile glass) during real-world exploration happen inevitably, hindering the practical deployment of such a paradigm. To tackle this, we introduce Failure-Aware Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning (FARL), a new paradigm minimizing failures during real-world reinforcement learning. We create FailureBench, a benchmark that incorporates common failure scenarios requiring human intervention, and propose an algorithm that integrates a world-model-based safety critic and a recovery policy trained offline to prevent failures during online exploration. Extensive simulation and real-world experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of FARL in significantly reducing IR Failures while improving performance and generalization during online reinforcement learning post-training. FARL reduces IR Failures by 73.1% while elevating performance by 11.3% on average during real-world RL post-training. Videos and code are available at https://failure-aware-rl.github.io.
title Failure-Aware RL: Reliable Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning with Self-Recovery for Real-World Manipulation
topic Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.07821