Merging multidimensional equations of state of strongly interacting matter via a statistical mixture
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866918285759479808 |
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| author | Yang, Yumu Garella, Prachi Khan, Musa R. Restrepo, Tulio E. Grefa, Joaquin Jahan, Johannes Hippert, Mauricio Noronha, Jorge Ratti, Claudia Rougemont, Romulo |
| author_facet | Yang, Yumu Garella, Prachi Khan, Musa R. Restrepo, Tulio E. Grefa, Joaquin Jahan, Johannes Hippert, Mauricio Noronha, Jorge Ratti, Claudia Rougemont, Romulo |
| contents | We introduce a general method to merge multidimensional equations of state (EoSs) by combining them in a two-fluid equilibrium statistical mixture in the grand canonical ensemble. The merged grand potential density $ω$ is built directly from the input EoSs and the fluid fractions are fixed by minimizing $ω$ at fixed temperature $T$ and baryon chemical potential $μ_B$. Thermodynamic consistency and stability are guaranteed as all thermodynamic quantities are consistently derived from a single merged grand potential $ω(T,μ_B)$ with the correct convexity properties. Our method can accommodate a first-order phase transition and a critical endpoint with mean-field critical exponents. We use this method to merge a van der Waals Hadron-Resonance-Gas EoS with a holographic Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton EoS that has a critical point and a first-order line. The result is a single EoS, spanning hadronic and deconfined matter over a broad range in $(T,μ_B)$, which can be readily used in heavy-ion hydrodynamic simulations. Our merging method can be generalized to consider a higher dimensional phase diagram (e.g., by considering more chemical potentials) and more than two input EoSs. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_07987 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Merging multidimensional equations of state of strongly interacting matter via a statistical mixture Yang, Yumu Garella, Prachi Khan, Musa R. Restrepo, Tulio E. Grefa, Joaquin Jahan, Johannes Hippert, Mauricio Noronha, Jorge Ratti, Claudia Rougemont, Romulo Nuclear Theory High Energy Physics - Lattice High Energy Physics - Phenomenology We introduce a general method to merge multidimensional equations of state (EoSs) by combining them in a two-fluid equilibrium statistical mixture in the grand canonical ensemble. The merged grand potential density $ω$ is built directly from the input EoSs and the fluid fractions are fixed by minimizing $ω$ at fixed temperature $T$ and baryon chemical potential $μ_B$. Thermodynamic consistency and stability are guaranteed as all thermodynamic quantities are consistently derived from a single merged grand potential $ω(T,μ_B)$ with the correct convexity properties. Our method can accommodate a first-order phase transition and a critical endpoint with mean-field critical exponents. We use this method to merge a van der Waals Hadron-Resonance-Gas EoS with a holographic Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton EoS that has a critical point and a first-order line. The result is a single EoS, spanning hadronic and deconfined matter over a broad range in $(T,μ_B)$, which can be readily used in heavy-ion hydrodynamic simulations. Our merging method can be generalized to consider a higher dimensional phase diagram (e.g., by considering more chemical potentials) and more than two input EoSs. |
| title | Merging multidimensional equations of state of strongly interacting matter via a statistical mixture |
| topic | Nuclear Theory High Energy Physics - Lattice High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.07987 |