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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Al-Dhalaan, Bandar, Ben-David, Shalev
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.08073
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author Al-Dhalaan, Bandar
Ben-David, Shalev
author_facet Al-Dhalaan, Bandar
Ben-David, Shalev
contents For a (possibly partial) Boolean function $f\colon\{0,1\}^n\to\{0,1\}$ as well as a query complexity measure $M$ which maps Boolean functions to real numbers, define the composition limit of $M$ on $f$ by $M^*(f)=\lim_{k\to\infty} M(f^k)^{1/k}$. We study the composition limits of general measures in query complexity. We show this limit converges under reasonable assumptions about the measure. We then give a surprising result regarding the composition limit of randomized query complexity: we show $R_0^*(f)=\max\{R^*(f),C^*(f)\}$. Among other things, this implies that any bounded-error randomized algorithm for recursive 3-majority can be turned into a zero-error randomized algorithm for the same task. Our result extends also to quantum algorithms: on recursively composed functions, a bounded-error quantum algorithm can be converted into a quantum algorithm that finds a certificate with high probability. Along the way, we prove various combinatorial properties of measures and composition limits.
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spellingShingle Monte Carlo to Las Vegas for Recursively Composed Functions
Al-Dhalaan, Bandar
Ben-David, Shalev
Computational Complexity
Quantum Physics
For a (possibly partial) Boolean function $f\colon\{0,1\}^n\to\{0,1\}$ as well as a query complexity measure $M$ which maps Boolean functions to real numbers, define the composition limit of $M$ on $f$ by $M^*(f)=\lim_{k\to\infty} M(f^k)^{1/k}$. We study the composition limits of general measures in query complexity. We show this limit converges under reasonable assumptions about the measure. We then give a surprising result regarding the composition limit of randomized query complexity: we show $R_0^*(f)=\max\{R^*(f),C^*(f)\}$. Among other things, this implies that any bounded-error randomized algorithm for recursive 3-majority can be turned into a zero-error randomized algorithm for the same task. Our result extends also to quantum algorithms: on recursively composed functions, a bounded-error quantum algorithm can be converted into a quantum algorithm that finds a certificate with high probability. Along the way, we prove various combinatorial properties of measures and composition limits.
title Monte Carlo to Las Vegas for Recursively Composed Functions
topic Computational Complexity
Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.08073