Mutual-Visibility of Tree and Its Line Graphs

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: B, Tonny K, M, Shikhi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author B, Tonny K
M, Shikhi
author_facet B, Tonny K
M, Shikhi
contents In this paper, we present a complete characterization of mutual-visibility sets in trees. It is shown that a subset $S$ is a mutual-visibility set of a tree $T$ if and only if it coincides with the set of leaves of the Steiner subtree $T\langle S\rangle$. For trees containing branch vertices, the notion of legs is introduced, and an explicit formula for the number of maximal mutual-visibility sets is derived in terms of the corresponding leg lengths. We prove that every tree is absolute-clear. It is further shown that, for every tree $T$ with at least two edges, the mutual-visibility number is preserved under the line graph operation, that is, $μ(L(T))=μ(T)$. Examples of unicyclic and block graphs for which this equality fails are also presented. Finally, a tight lower bound for the mutual-visibility number of the iterated line graph is established; namely, $μ\bigl(L(L(T))\bigr)\ge \left\lfloor \frac{Δ(T)^2}{3}\right\rfloor$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_08270
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Mutual-Visibility of Tree and Its Line Graphs
B, Tonny K
M, Shikhi
Combinatorics
05C05, 05C30, 05C76
In this paper, we present a complete characterization of mutual-visibility sets in trees. It is shown that a subset $S$ is a mutual-visibility set of a tree $T$ if and only if it coincides with the set of leaves of the Steiner subtree $T\langle S\rangle$. For trees containing branch vertices, the notion of legs is introduced, and an explicit formula for the number of maximal mutual-visibility sets is derived in terms of the corresponding leg lengths. We prove that every tree is absolute-clear. It is further shown that, for every tree $T$ with at least two edges, the mutual-visibility number is preserved under the line graph operation, that is, $μ(L(T))=μ(T)$. Examples of unicyclic and block graphs for which this equality fails are also presented. Finally, a tight lower bound for the mutual-visibility number of the iterated line graph is established; namely, $μ\bigl(L(L(T))\bigr)\ge \left\lfloor \frac{Δ(T)^2}{3}\right\rfloor$.
title Mutual-Visibility of Tree and Its Line Graphs
topic Combinatorics
05C05, 05C30, 05C76
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.08270