A Methodological Analysis of Empirical Studies in Quantum Software Testing

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Li, Yuechen, Shao, Minqi, Zhao, Jianjun, Wang, Qichen
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Li, Yuechen
Shao, Minqi
Zhao, Jianjun
Wang, Qichen
author_facet Li, Yuechen
Shao, Minqi
Zhao, Jianjun
Wang, Qichen
contents In quantum software engineering (QSE), quantum software testing (QST) has attracted increasing attention as quantum software systems grow in scale and complexity. Since QST evaluates quantum programs through execution under designed test inputs, empirical studies are widely used to assess the effectiveness of testing approaches. However, the design and reporting of empirical studies in QST remain highly diverse, and a shared methodological understanding has yet to emerge, making it difficult to interpret results and compare findings across studies. This paper presents a methodological analysis of empirical studies in QST through a systematic examination of 59 primary studies identified from a literature pool of size 384. We organize our analysis around ten research questions that cover key methodological dimensions of QST empirical studies, including objects under test, baseline comparison, testing setup, experimental configuration, and tool and artifact support. Through cross-study analysis along these dimensions, we characterize current empirical practices in QST, identify recurring limitations and inconsistencies, and highlight open methodological challenges. Based on our findings, we derive insights and recommendations to inform the design, execution, and reporting of future empirical studies in QST.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_08367
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Methodological Analysis of Empirical Studies in Quantum Software Testing
Li, Yuechen
Shao, Minqi
Zhao, Jianjun
Wang, Qichen
Quantum Physics
Software Engineering
68Q12, 81-04
C.1.3; D.2.5
In quantum software engineering (QSE), quantum software testing (QST) has attracted increasing attention as quantum software systems grow in scale and complexity. Since QST evaluates quantum programs through execution under designed test inputs, empirical studies are widely used to assess the effectiveness of testing approaches. However, the design and reporting of empirical studies in QST remain highly diverse, and a shared methodological understanding has yet to emerge, making it difficult to interpret results and compare findings across studies. This paper presents a methodological analysis of empirical studies in QST through a systematic examination of 59 primary studies identified from a literature pool of size 384. We organize our analysis around ten research questions that cover key methodological dimensions of QST empirical studies, including objects under test, baseline comparison, testing setup, experimental configuration, and tool and artifact support. Through cross-study analysis along these dimensions, we characterize current empirical practices in QST, identify recurring limitations and inconsistencies, and highlight open methodological challenges. Based on our findings, we derive insights and recommendations to inform the design, execution, and reporting of future empirical studies in QST.
title A Methodological Analysis of Empirical Studies in Quantum Software Testing
topic Quantum Physics
Software Engineering
68Q12, 81-04
C.1.3; D.2.5
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.08367