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Main Authors: Yuan, Chenchen, Ma, Bolei, Zhang, Zheyu, Prenkaj, Bardh, Kreuter, Frauke, Kasneci, Gjergji
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.08634
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author Yuan, Chenchen
Ma, Bolei
Zhang, Zheyu
Prenkaj, Bardh
Kreuter, Frauke
Kasneci, Gjergji
author_facet Yuan, Chenchen
Ma, Bolei
Zhang, Zheyu
Prenkaj, Bardh
Kreuter, Frauke
Kasneci, Gjergji
contents While recent research has systematically documented political orientation in large language models (LLMs), existing evaluations rely primarily on direct probing or demographic persona engineering to surface ideological biases. In social psychology, however, political ideology is also understood as a downstream consequence of fundamental moral intuitions. In this work, we investigate the causal relationship between moral values and political positioning by treating moral orientation as a controllable condition. Rather than simply assigning a demographic persona, we condition models to endorse or reject specific moral values and evaluate the resulting shifts on their political orientations, using the Political Compass Test. By treating moral values as lenses, we observe how moral conditioning actively steers model trajectories across economic and social dimensions. Our findings show that such conditioning induces pronounced, value-specific shifts in models' political coordinates. We further notice that these effects are systematically modulated by role framing and model scale, and are robust across alternative assessment instruments instantiating the same moral value. This highlights that effective alignment requires anchoring political assessments within the context of broader social values including morality, paving the way for more socially grounded alignment techniques.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_08634
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Moral Lenses, Political Coordinates: Towards Ideological Positioning of Morally Conditioned LLMs
Yuan, Chenchen
Ma, Bolei
Zhang, Zheyu
Prenkaj, Bardh
Kreuter, Frauke
Kasneci, Gjergji
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
While recent research has systematically documented political orientation in large language models (LLMs), existing evaluations rely primarily on direct probing or demographic persona engineering to surface ideological biases. In social psychology, however, political ideology is also understood as a downstream consequence of fundamental moral intuitions. In this work, we investigate the causal relationship between moral values and political positioning by treating moral orientation as a controllable condition. Rather than simply assigning a demographic persona, we condition models to endorse or reject specific moral values and evaluate the resulting shifts on their political orientations, using the Political Compass Test. By treating moral values as lenses, we observe how moral conditioning actively steers model trajectories across economic and social dimensions. Our findings show that such conditioning induces pronounced, value-specific shifts in models' political coordinates. We further notice that these effects are systematically modulated by role framing and model scale, and are robust across alternative assessment instruments instantiating the same moral value. This highlights that effective alignment requires anchoring political assessments within the context of broader social values including morality, paving the way for more socially grounded alignment techniques.
title Moral Lenses, Political Coordinates: Towards Ideological Positioning of Morally Conditioned LLMs
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.08634