Noise-Resilient Quantum Evolution in Open Systems through Error-Correcting Frameworks
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Basak, Nirupam Paul, Goutam Chattopadhyay, Pritam |
| author_facet | Basak, Nirupam Paul, Goutam Chattopadhyay, Pritam |
| contents | We analyze quantum state preservation in open quantum systems using quantum error-correcting (QEC) codes explicitly embedded in microscopic system-bath models. Rather than assuming abstract quantum channels, we consider multi-qubit registers coupled to bosonic thermal environments, derive a second-order master equation for the reduced dynamics, and use it to benchmark the five-qubit, Steane, and toric codes under local and collective noise. We compute state fidelities as functions of system-bath coupling strength, bath temperatures, and the number of correction cycles. In the low-temperature regime, repeated error correction with the five-qubit code significantly suppresses decoherence and relaxation for weak-to-moderate couplings. In the high-temperature regime, thermal excitations reduce the effectiveness of all codes, although within the parameter range studied, the five-qubit code still yields the highest fidelities among the three codes. For two-qubit Werner states, we identify a critical evolution time associated with an early-time crossover, before which the overhead of QEC does not compensate for the noise-induced degradation; this critical time increases with entanglement, reflecting the greater fragility of strongly entangled states. Overall, our results provide a microscopic master-equation-based framework for benchmarking QEC performance in realistic open-system environments and for assessing code behavior in near-term noisy quantum architectures. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_10206 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Noise-Resilient Quantum Evolution in Open Systems through Error-Correcting Frameworks Basak, Nirupam Paul, Goutam Chattopadhyay, Pritam Quantum Physics We analyze quantum state preservation in open quantum systems using quantum error-correcting (QEC) codes explicitly embedded in microscopic system-bath models. Rather than assuming abstract quantum channels, we consider multi-qubit registers coupled to bosonic thermal environments, derive a second-order master equation for the reduced dynamics, and use it to benchmark the five-qubit, Steane, and toric codes under local and collective noise. We compute state fidelities as functions of system-bath coupling strength, bath temperatures, and the number of correction cycles. In the low-temperature regime, repeated error correction with the five-qubit code significantly suppresses decoherence and relaxation for weak-to-moderate couplings. In the high-temperature regime, thermal excitations reduce the effectiveness of all codes, although within the parameter range studied, the five-qubit code still yields the highest fidelities among the three codes. For two-qubit Werner states, we identify a critical evolution time associated with an early-time crossover, before which the overhead of QEC does not compensate for the noise-induced degradation; this critical time increases with entanglement, reflecting the greater fragility of strongly entangled states. Overall, our results provide a microscopic master-equation-based framework for benchmarking QEC performance in realistic open-system environments and for assessing code behavior in near-term noisy quantum architectures. |
| title | Noise-Resilient Quantum Evolution in Open Systems through Error-Correcting Frameworks |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10206 |