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Main Authors: Li, Shuangshan Nors, Kutz, J. Nathan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10208
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author Li, Shuangshan Nors
Kutz, J. Nathan
author_facet Li, Shuangshan Nors
Kutz, J. Nathan
contents Mobile 3D printing on unstructured terrain remains challenging due to the conflict between platform mobility and deposition precision. Existing gantry-based systems achieve high accuracy but lack mobility, while mobile platforms struggle to maintain print quality on uneven ground. We present a framework that tightly integrates AI-driven disturbance prediction with multi-modal sensor fusion and hierarchical hardware control, forming a closed-loop perception-learning-actuation system. The AI module learns terrain-to-perturbation mappings from IMU, vision, and depth sensors, enabling proactive compensation rather than reactive correction. This intelligence is embedded into a three-layer control architecture: path planning, predictive chassis-manipulator coordination, and precision hardware execution. Through outdoor experiments on terrain with slopes and surface irregularities, we demonstrate sub-centimeter printing accuracy while maintaining full platform mobility. This AI-hardware integration establishes a practical foundation for autonomous construction in unstructured environments.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_10208
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Terrain-Adaptive Mobile 3D Printing with Hierarchical Control
Li, Shuangshan Nors
Kutz, J. Nathan
Robotics
Mobile 3D printing on unstructured terrain remains challenging due to the conflict between platform mobility and deposition precision. Existing gantry-based systems achieve high accuracy but lack mobility, while mobile platforms struggle to maintain print quality on uneven ground. We present a framework that tightly integrates AI-driven disturbance prediction with multi-modal sensor fusion and hierarchical hardware control, forming a closed-loop perception-learning-actuation system. The AI module learns terrain-to-perturbation mappings from IMU, vision, and depth sensors, enabling proactive compensation rather than reactive correction. This intelligence is embedded into a three-layer control architecture: path planning, predictive chassis-manipulator coordination, and precision hardware execution. Through outdoor experiments on terrain with slopes and surface irregularities, we demonstrate sub-centimeter printing accuracy while maintaining full platform mobility. This AI-hardware integration establishes a practical foundation for autonomous construction in unstructured environments.
title Terrain-Adaptive Mobile 3D Printing with Hierarchical Control
topic Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10208