Principles of Optics in the Fock Space: Scalable Manipulation of Giant Quantum States
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866914257250025472 |
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| author | Xu, Yifang Zhou, Yilong Hua, Ziyue Sun, Lida Zhou, Jie Wang, Weiting Cai, Weizhou Huang, Hongwei Xiao, Lintao Xue, Guangming Yu, Haifeng Li, Ming Zou, Chang-Ling Sun, Luyan |
| author_facet | Xu, Yifang Zhou, Yilong Hua, Ziyue Sun, Lida Zhou, Jie Wang, Weiting Cai, Weizhou Huang, Hongwei Xiao, Lintao Xue, Guangming Yu, Haifeng Li, Ming Zou, Chang-Ling Sun, Luyan |
| contents | The manipulation of distinct degrees of freedom of photons plays a critical role in both classical and quantum information processing. While the principles of wave optics provide elegant and scalable control over classical light in spatial and temporal domains, engineering quantum states in Fock space has been largely restricted to few-photon regimes, hindered by the computational and experimental challenges of large Hilbert spaces. Here, we introduce ``Fock-space optics", establishing a conceptual framework of wave propagation in the quantum domain by treating photon number as a synthetic dimension. Using a superconducting microwave resonator, we experimentally demonstrate Fock-space analogues of optical propagation, refraction, lensing, dispersion, and interference with up to 180 photons. These results establish a fundamental correspondence between Schrödinger evolution in a single bosonic mode and classical paraxial wave propagation. By mapping intuitive optical concepts onto high-dimensional quantum state engineering, our work opens a path toward scalable control of large-scale quantum systems with thousands of photons and advanced bosonic information processing. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_10325 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Principles of Optics in the Fock Space: Scalable Manipulation of Giant Quantum States Xu, Yifang Zhou, Yilong Hua, Ziyue Sun, Lida Zhou, Jie Wang, Weiting Cai, Weizhou Huang, Hongwei Xiao, Lintao Xue, Guangming Yu, Haifeng Li, Ming Zou, Chang-Ling Sun, Luyan Quantum Physics The manipulation of distinct degrees of freedom of photons plays a critical role in both classical and quantum information processing. While the principles of wave optics provide elegant and scalable control over classical light in spatial and temporal domains, engineering quantum states in Fock space has been largely restricted to few-photon regimes, hindered by the computational and experimental challenges of large Hilbert spaces. Here, we introduce ``Fock-space optics", establishing a conceptual framework of wave propagation in the quantum domain by treating photon number as a synthetic dimension. Using a superconducting microwave resonator, we experimentally demonstrate Fock-space analogues of optical propagation, refraction, lensing, dispersion, and interference with up to 180 photons. These results establish a fundamental correspondence between Schrödinger evolution in a single bosonic mode and classical paraxial wave propagation. By mapping intuitive optical concepts onto high-dimensional quantum state engineering, our work opens a path toward scalable control of large-scale quantum systems with thousands of photons and advanced bosonic information processing. |
| title | Principles of Optics in the Fock Space: Scalable Manipulation of Giant Quantum States |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10325 |