H-EFT-VA: An Effective-Field-Theory Variational Ansatz with Provable Barren Plateau Avoidance
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arXiv
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866914501331255296 |
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| author | Hamid, Eyad I. B |
| author_facet | Hamid, Eyad I. B |
| contents | Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are critically threatened by the Barren Plateau (BP) phenomenon. In this work, we introduce the H-EFT Variational Ansatz (H-EFT-VA), an architecture inspired by Effective Field Theory (EFT). By enforcing a hierarchical "UV-cutoff" on initialization, we theoretically restrict the circuit's state exploration, preventing the formation of approximate unitary 2-designs. We provide a rigorous proof that this localization guarantees an inverse-polynomial lower bound on the gradient variance: $Var[\partialθ] \in Ω(1/poly(N))$. Crucially, unlike approaches that avoid BPs by limiting entanglement, we demonstrate that H-EFT-VA maintains volume-law entanglement and near-Haar purity, ensuring sufficient expressibility for complex quantum states. Extensive benchmarking across 16 experiments on the Transverse Field Ising Model confirms a 109x improvement in energy convergence and a 10.7x increase in ground-state fidelity over standard Hardware-Efficient Ansätze (HEA), with statistical significance of $p < 10^{-88}$. The static framework is most effective for Hamiltonians with moderate reference-state overlap; extension to systems with larger reference-state gaps is addressed through dynamic UV-cutoff relaxation strategies explored in concurrent work. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_10479 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | H-EFT-VA: An Effective-Field-Theory Variational Ansatz with Provable Barren Plateau Avoidance Hamid, Eyad I. B Quantum Physics Machine Learning Mathematical Physics Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are critically threatened by the Barren Plateau (BP) phenomenon. In this work, we introduce the H-EFT Variational Ansatz (H-EFT-VA), an architecture inspired by Effective Field Theory (EFT). By enforcing a hierarchical "UV-cutoff" on initialization, we theoretically restrict the circuit's state exploration, preventing the formation of approximate unitary 2-designs. We provide a rigorous proof that this localization guarantees an inverse-polynomial lower bound on the gradient variance: $Var[\partialθ] \in Ω(1/poly(N))$. Crucially, unlike approaches that avoid BPs by limiting entanglement, we demonstrate that H-EFT-VA maintains volume-law entanglement and near-Haar purity, ensuring sufficient expressibility for complex quantum states. Extensive benchmarking across 16 experiments on the Transverse Field Ising Model confirms a 109x improvement in energy convergence and a 10.7x increase in ground-state fidelity over standard Hardware-Efficient Ansätze (HEA), with statistical significance of $p < 10^{-88}$. The static framework is most effective for Hamiltonians with moderate reference-state overlap; extension to systems with larger reference-state gaps is addressed through dynamic UV-cutoff relaxation strategies explored in concurrent work. |
| title | H-EFT-VA: An Effective-Field-Theory Variational Ansatz with Provable Barren Plateau Avoidance |
| topic | Quantum Physics Machine Learning Mathematical Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10479 |