Real characters and real classes of $\mathrm{GL}_2$ and $\mathrm{GU}_2$ over discrete valuation rings

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Main Authors: Gupta, Archita, Lohan, Tejbir, Singla, Pooja
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Gupta, Archita
Lohan, Tejbir
Singla, Pooja
author_facet Gupta, Archita
Lohan, Tejbir
Singla, Pooja
contents Let $\mathfrak{o}$ be the ring of integers of a non-archimedean local field with residue field of odd characteristic, $\mathfrak{p}$ be its maximal ideal and let $\mathfrak{o}_\ell = \mathfrak{o}/\mathfrak{p}^\ell$ for $\ell\ge 2$. In this article, we study real-valued characters and real representations of the finite groups $\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathfrak{o}_\ell)$ and $\mathrm{GU}_2(\mathfrak{o}_\ell)$. We give a complete classification of real and strongly real classes of these groups and characterize the real-valued irreducible complex characters. We prove that every real-valued irreducible complex character of $\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathfrak{o}_\ell)$ is afforded by a representation over $\mathbb{R}$. In contrast, we show that $\mathrm{GU}_2(\mathfrak{o}_\ell)$ admits real-valued irreducible characters that are not realizable over $\mathbb{R}$. These results extend the parallel known phenomena for the finite groups $\mathrm{GL}_n(\mathbb{F}_q)$ and $\mathrm{GU}_n(\mathbb{F}_q)$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_10670
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Real characters and real classes of $\mathrm{GL}_2$ and $\mathrm{GU}_2$ over discrete valuation rings
Gupta, Archita
Lohan, Tejbir
Singla, Pooja
Representation Theory
Group Theory
Rings and Algebras
20G05 (Primary) 20C15, 20G25, 15B33 (Secondary)
Let $\mathfrak{o}$ be the ring of integers of a non-archimedean local field with residue field of odd characteristic, $\mathfrak{p}$ be its maximal ideal and let $\mathfrak{o}_\ell = \mathfrak{o}/\mathfrak{p}^\ell$ for $\ell\ge 2$. In this article, we study real-valued characters and real representations of the finite groups $\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathfrak{o}_\ell)$ and $\mathrm{GU}_2(\mathfrak{o}_\ell)$. We give a complete classification of real and strongly real classes of these groups and characterize the real-valued irreducible complex characters. We prove that every real-valued irreducible complex character of $\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathfrak{o}_\ell)$ is afforded by a representation over $\mathbb{R}$. In contrast, we show that $\mathrm{GU}_2(\mathfrak{o}_\ell)$ admits real-valued irreducible characters that are not realizable over $\mathbb{R}$. These results extend the parallel known phenomena for the finite groups $\mathrm{GL}_n(\mathbb{F}_q)$ and $\mathrm{GU}_n(\mathbb{F}_q)$.
title Real characters and real classes of $\mathrm{GL}_2$ and $\mathrm{GU}_2$ over discrete valuation rings
topic Representation Theory
Group Theory
Rings and Algebras
20G05 (Primary) 20C15, 20G25, 15B33 (Secondary)
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10670