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Main Authors: Zhang, Wanqi, He, Jiangen, Santos, Marielle
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10824
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author Zhang, Wanqi
He, Jiangen
Santos, Marielle
author_facet Zhang, Wanqi
He, Jiangen
Santos, Marielle
contents Social robots hold promise for reducing job interview anxiety, yet designing agents that provide both psychological safety and instructional guidance remains challenging. Through a three-phase iterative design study (N = 8), we empirically mapped this tension. Phase I revealed a "Safety-Guidance Gap": while a Person-Centered Therapy (PCT) robot established safety (d = 3.27), users felt insufficiently coached. Phase II identified a "Scaffolding Paradox": rigid feedback caused cognitive overload, while delayed feedback lacked specificity. In Phase III, we resolved these tensions by developing an Agency-Driven Interaction Layer. Synthesizing our empirical findings, we propose the Adaptive Scaffolding Ecosystem, a conceptual framework that redefines robotic coaching not as a static script, but as a dynamic balance between affective support and instructional challenge, mediated by user agency.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_10824
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Bridging Psychological Safety and Skill Guidance: An Adaptive Robotic Interview Coach
Zhang, Wanqi
He, Jiangen
Santos, Marielle
Human-Computer Interaction
Social robots hold promise for reducing job interview anxiety, yet designing agents that provide both psychological safety and instructional guidance remains challenging. Through a three-phase iterative design study (N = 8), we empirically mapped this tension. Phase I revealed a "Safety-Guidance Gap": while a Person-Centered Therapy (PCT) robot established safety (d = 3.27), users felt insufficiently coached. Phase II identified a "Scaffolding Paradox": rigid feedback caused cognitive overload, while delayed feedback lacked specificity. In Phase III, we resolved these tensions by developing an Agency-Driven Interaction Layer. Synthesizing our empirical findings, we propose the Adaptive Scaffolding Ecosystem, a conceptual framework that redefines robotic coaching not as a static script, but as a dynamic balance between affective support and instructional challenge, mediated by user agency.
title Bridging Psychological Safety and Skill Guidance: An Adaptive Robotic Interview Coach
topic Human-Computer Interaction
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10824