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Autori principali: Stoltz, Dustin S., Taylor, Marshall A., Kumar, Sanuj
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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Accesso online:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10926
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author Stoltz, Dustin S.
Taylor, Marshall A.
Kumar, Sanuj
author_facet Stoltz, Dustin S.
Taylor, Marshall A.
Kumar, Sanuj
contents Currently, there are thousands of large pretrained language models (LLMs) available to social scientists. How do we select among them? Using validity, reliability, reproducibility, and replicability as guides, we explore the significance of: (1) model openness, (2) model footprint, (3) training data, and (4) model architectures and fine-tuning. While ex-ante tests of validity (i.e., benchmarks) are often privileged in these discussions, we argue that social scientists cannot altogether avoid validating computational measures (ex-post). Replicability, in particular, is a more pressing guide for selecting language models. Being able to reliably replicate a particular finding that entails the use of a language model necessitates reliably reproducing a task. To this end, we propose starting with smaller, open models, and constructing delimited benchmarks to demonstrate the validity of the entire computational pipeline.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_10926
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Selecting Language Models for Social Science: Start Small, Start Open, and Validate
Stoltz, Dustin S.
Taylor, Marshall A.
Kumar, Sanuj
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Currently, there are thousands of large pretrained language models (LLMs) available to social scientists. How do we select among them? Using validity, reliability, reproducibility, and replicability as guides, we explore the significance of: (1) model openness, (2) model footprint, (3) training data, and (4) model architectures and fine-tuning. While ex-ante tests of validity (i.e., benchmarks) are often privileged in these discussions, we argue that social scientists cannot altogether avoid validating computational measures (ex-post). Replicability, in particular, is a more pressing guide for selecting language models. Being able to reliably replicate a particular finding that entails the use of a language model necessitates reliably reproducing a task. To this end, we propose starting with smaller, open models, and constructing delimited benchmarks to demonstrate the validity of the entire computational pipeline.
title Selecting Language Models for Social Science: Start Small, Start Open, and Validate
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10926