Unveiling Ionized Jet Morphologies: Sub-arcsecond VLA Observations of Compact Radio Sources

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Autori principali: Rodriguez, Tatiana M., Hofner, Peter, Momjian, Emmanuel, Araya, Esteban D., Sethi, Ananay, Rosero, Viviana
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Rodriguez, Tatiana M.
Hofner, Peter
Momjian, Emmanuel
Araya, Esteban D.
Sethi, Ananay
Rosero, Viviana
author_facet Rodriguez, Tatiana M.
Hofner, Peter
Momjian, Emmanuel
Araya, Esteban D.
Sethi, Ananay
Rosero, Viviana
contents We present sub-arcsecond ($θ\sim0.1^{\prime\prime}$) resolution VLA 1.3 cm continuum and 22.2 GHz H$_2$O maser observations toward 15 compact radio continuum sources with rising spectral index and 8 string-like radio continuum structures in the Rosero et al. (2016, 2019) survey. Three different morphologies are observed: elongated or double-peak string-like structure (6 out of 23 cases), a collection of distinct continuum peaks (4 out of 23 cases), and single compact sources (13 out of 23 cases). The majority of H$_2$O maser spots detected are within a sky-projected distance of $\sim5,000$ au from the radio continuum peaks and tend to be well aligned and distributed in an elongated structure when more than three spots are observed. We generally recover less emission than Rosero et al. (2016, 2019), which together with the fact that more than half of the jet candidates in our survey appear mostly compact, suggest core/halo shock structures even on small scales. We also detected proper motion in 10 cases and measured an average projected velocity of approximately 120 km s$^{-1}$. Radio brightness variability is detected in at least two cases, possibly due to weak accretion bursts. This work, together with our previous molecular jet study, provides further evidence that support the main source of ionization in the studied sources is shocks, yet collimation is only observed in 4 cases. We conclude that the available data supports the thermal jet classification of 7 sources, and the ionized jet interpretation is further supported in 16 sources.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_11130
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Unveiling Ionized Jet Morphologies: Sub-arcsecond VLA Observations of Compact Radio Sources
Rodriguez, Tatiana M.
Hofner, Peter
Momjian, Emmanuel
Araya, Esteban D.
Sethi, Ananay
Rosero, Viviana
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Astrophysics of Galaxies
We present sub-arcsecond ($θ\sim0.1^{\prime\prime}$) resolution VLA 1.3 cm continuum and 22.2 GHz H$_2$O maser observations toward 15 compact radio continuum sources with rising spectral index and 8 string-like radio continuum structures in the Rosero et al. (2016, 2019) survey. Three different morphologies are observed: elongated or double-peak string-like structure (6 out of 23 cases), a collection of distinct continuum peaks (4 out of 23 cases), and single compact sources (13 out of 23 cases). The majority of H$_2$O maser spots detected are within a sky-projected distance of $\sim5,000$ au from the radio continuum peaks and tend to be well aligned and distributed in an elongated structure when more than three spots are observed. We generally recover less emission than Rosero et al. (2016, 2019), which together with the fact that more than half of the jet candidates in our survey appear mostly compact, suggest core/halo shock structures even on small scales. We also detected proper motion in 10 cases and measured an average projected velocity of approximately 120 km s$^{-1}$. Radio brightness variability is detected in at least two cases, possibly due to weak accretion bursts. This work, together with our previous molecular jet study, provides further evidence that support the main source of ionization in the studied sources is shocks, yet collimation is only observed in 4 cases. We conclude that the available data supports the thermal jet classification of 7 sources, and the ionized jet interpretation is further supported in 16 sources.
title Unveiling Ionized Jet Morphologies: Sub-arcsecond VLA Observations of Compact Radio Sources
topic Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.11130