Distributed Control Barrier Functions for Safe Multi-Vehicle Navigation in Heterogeneous USV Fleets

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Paine, Tyler, Long, Brendan, Wenger, Jeremy, DeFilippo, Michael, Usevitch, James, Benjamin, Michael
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Paine, Tyler
Long, Brendan
Wenger, Jeremy
DeFilippo, Michael
Usevitch, James
Benjamin, Michael
author_facet Paine, Tyler
Long, Brendan
Wenger, Jeremy
DeFilippo, Michael
Usevitch, James
Benjamin, Michael
contents Collision avoidance in heterogeneous fleets of uncrewed vessels is challenging because the decision-making processes and controllers often differ between platforms, and it is further complicated by the limitations on sharing trajectories and control values in real-time. This paper presents a pragmatic approach that addresses these issues by adding a control filter on each autonomous vehicle that assumes worst-case behavior from other contacts, including crewed vessels. This distributed safety control filter is developed using control barrier function (CBF) theory and the application is clearly described to ensure explainability of these safety-critical methods. This work compares the worst-case CBF approach with a Collision Regulations (COLREGS) behavior-based approach in simulated encounters. Real-world experiments with three different uncrewed vessels and a human operated vessel were performed to confirm the approach is effective across a range of platforms and is robust to uncooperative behavior from human operators. Results show that combining both CBF methods and COLREGS behaviors achieves the best safety and efficiency.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_11335
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Distributed Control Barrier Functions for Safe Multi-Vehicle Navigation in Heterogeneous USV Fleets
Paine, Tyler
Long, Brendan
Wenger, Jeremy
DeFilippo, Michael
Usevitch, James
Benjamin, Michael
Robotics
Systems and Control
Collision avoidance in heterogeneous fleets of uncrewed vessels is challenging because the decision-making processes and controllers often differ between platforms, and it is further complicated by the limitations on sharing trajectories and control values in real-time. This paper presents a pragmatic approach that addresses these issues by adding a control filter on each autonomous vehicle that assumes worst-case behavior from other contacts, including crewed vessels. This distributed safety control filter is developed using control barrier function (CBF) theory and the application is clearly described to ensure explainability of these safety-critical methods. This work compares the worst-case CBF approach with a Collision Regulations (COLREGS) behavior-based approach in simulated encounters. Real-world experiments with three different uncrewed vessels and a human operated vessel were performed to confirm the approach is effective across a range of platforms and is robust to uncooperative behavior from human operators. Results show that combining both CBF methods and COLREGS behaviors achieves the best safety and efficiency.
title Distributed Control Barrier Functions for Safe Multi-Vehicle Navigation in Heterogeneous USV Fleets
topic Robotics
Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.11335