Multi-Agent LLMs for Generating Research Limitations

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Azher, Ibrahim Al, Guo, Zhishuai, Alhoori, Hamed
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Azher, Ibrahim Al
Guo, Zhishuai
Alhoori, Hamed
author_facet Azher, Ibrahim Al
Guo, Zhishuai
Alhoori, Hamed
contents Identifying and articulating limitations is essential for transparent and rigorous scientific research. However, zero-shot large language models (LLMs) approach often produce superficial or general limitation statements (e.g., dataset bias or generalizability). They usually repeat limitations reported by authors without looking at deeper methodological issues and contextual gaps. This problem is made worse because many authors disclose only partial or trivial limitations. We propose, a multi-agent LLM framework for generating substantive limitations. It integrates OpenReview comments and author-stated limitations to provide stronger ground truth. It also uses cited and citing papers to capture broader contextual weaknesses. In this setup, different agents have specific roles as sequential role: some extract explicit limitations, others analyze methodological gaps, some simulate the viewpoint of a peer reviewer, and a citation agent places the work within the larger body of literature. A Judge agent refines their outputs, and a Master agent consolidates them into a clear set. This structure allows for systematic identification of explicit, implicit, peer review-focused, and literature-informed limitations. Moreover, traditional NLP metrics like BLEU, ROUGE, and cosine similarity rely heavily on n-gram or embedding overlap. They often overlook semantically similar limitations. To address this, we introduce a pointwise evaluation protocol that uses an LLM-as-a-Judge to measure coverage more accurately. Experiments show that our proposed model substantially improve performance. The RAG + multi-agent GPT-4o mini configuration achieves a +15.51\% coverage gain over zero-shot baselines, while the Llama 3 8B multi-agent setup yields a +4.41\% improvement.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_11578
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Multi-Agent LLMs for Generating Research Limitations
Azher, Ibrahim Al
Guo, Zhishuai
Alhoori, Hamed
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Identifying and articulating limitations is essential for transparent and rigorous scientific research. However, zero-shot large language models (LLMs) approach often produce superficial or general limitation statements (e.g., dataset bias or generalizability). They usually repeat limitations reported by authors without looking at deeper methodological issues and contextual gaps. This problem is made worse because many authors disclose only partial or trivial limitations. We propose, a multi-agent LLM framework for generating substantive limitations. It integrates OpenReview comments and author-stated limitations to provide stronger ground truth. It also uses cited and citing papers to capture broader contextual weaknesses. In this setup, different agents have specific roles as sequential role: some extract explicit limitations, others analyze methodological gaps, some simulate the viewpoint of a peer reviewer, and a citation agent places the work within the larger body of literature. A Judge agent refines their outputs, and a Master agent consolidates them into a clear set. This structure allows for systematic identification of explicit, implicit, peer review-focused, and literature-informed limitations. Moreover, traditional NLP metrics like BLEU, ROUGE, and cosine similarity rely heavily on n-gram or embedding overlap. They often overlook semantically similar limitations. To address this, we introduce a pointwise evaluation protocol that uses an LLM-as-a-Judge to measure coverage more accurately. Experiments show that our proposed model substantially improve performance. The RAG + multi-agent GPT-4o mini configuration achieves a +15.51\% coverage gain over zero-shot baselines, while the Llama 3 8B multi-agent setup yields a +4.41\% improvement.
title Multi-Agent LLMs for Generating Research Limitations
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.11578