Hedorah, the first yellow supergiant Kaiju star candidate at $z\approx3$ revealed by behind AS1063
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2026
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| author | Diego, J. M. Palencia, J. M. Goolsby, C. Conselice, C. J. Lagattuta, D. J. Mahler, G. Richard, J. Sharon, K. Williams, L. L. R. |
| author_facet | Diego, J. M. Palencia, J. M. Goolsby, C. Conselice, C. J. Lagattuta, D. J. Mahler, G. Richard, J. Sharon, K. Williams, L. L. R. |
| contents | We present a new free-form lens model for the $z=0.348$ galaxy cluster AS1063, based on previously spectroscopically confirmed lensed galaxies and new images from the GLIMPSE program. We use the ultra-deep data to identify new counterimages for previously confirmed (spectroscopically) lensed systems. We use the full set of spectroscopically confirmed systems to derive a new lens model, which is later used to confirm many of the previous lensed system candidates and discover new lensed system candidates in the images. We compute the geometric redshifts, time delays, and magnification for all counterimages (confirmed and not confirmed). Among the new systems we find a peculiar multiply lensed galaxy with a strong emission line at $\approx 4\, μ$m that likely corresponds to H$-β$ and/or OIII at $z\approx 7.5$. This galaxy could be a little-red-dot or an extreme emission line galaxy. We also identify a yellow supergiant lensed star candidate at $z\approx 3.1$. This star shows some similarities with previous Kaiju stars and we nickname it "Hedorah", in honor of the famous yellow-eyed Kaiju. Previous lensed stars at $z>0.1$ are either blue supergiants or red supergiants, making Hedorah the first yellow supergiant discovered beyond $z=0.1$ and confirming that, despite their rarity, they can also be found at these redshifts. Since many Cepheid stars are yellow supergiants, we consider the possibility that Hedorah could also be the first Cepheid discovered at cosmological distances, but we conclude that Hedorah is more likely a hypergiant yellow star approaching the end of its life. Alternatively, Hedorah could be a small group of stars, although this is less likely based on Hedorah's peculiar colors and additionally may require the more exotic fuzzy dark matter to help explain the lack of counterimage. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_11704 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Hedorah, the first yellow supergiant Kaiju star candidate at $z\approx3$ revealed by behind AS1063 Diego, J. M. Palencia, J. M. Goolsby, C. Conselice, C. J. Lagattuta, D. J. Mahler, G. Richard, J. Sharon, K. Williams, L. L. R. Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics We present a new free-form lens model for the $z=0.348$ galaxy cluster AS1063, based on previously spectroscopically confirmed lensed galaxies and new images from the GLIMPSE program. We use the ultra-deep data to identify new counterimages for previously confirmed (spectroscopically) lensed systems. We use the full set of spectroscopically confirmed systems to derive a new lens model, which is later used to confirm many of the previous lensed system candidates and discover new lensed system candidates in the images. We compute the geometric redshifts, time delays, and magnification for all counterimages (confirmed and not confirmed). Among the new systems we find a peculiar multiply lensed galaxy with a strong emission line at $\approx 4\, μ$m that likely corresponds to H$-β$ and/or OIII at $z\approx 7.5$. This galaxy could be a little-red-dot or an extreme emission line galaxy. We also identify a yellow supergiant lensed star candidate at $z\approx 3.1$. This star shows some similarities with previous Kaiju stars and we nickname it "Hedorah", in honor of the famous yellow-eyed Kaiju. Previous lensed stars at $z>0.1$ are either blue supergiants or red supergiants, making Hedorah the first yellow supergiant discovered beyond $z=0.1$ and confirming that, despite their rarity, they can also be found at these redshifts. Since many Cepheid stars are yellow supergiants, we consider the possibility that Hedorah could also be the first Cepheid discovered at cosmological distances, but we conclude that Hedorah is more likely a hypergiant yellow star approaching the end of its life. Alternatively, Hedorah could be a small group of stars, although this is less likely based on Hedorah's peculiar colors and additionally may require the more exotic fuzzy dark matter to help explain the lack of counterimage. |
| title | Hedorah, the first yellow supergiant Kaiju star candidate at $z\approx3$ revealed by behind AS1063 |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.11704 |