On Nonasymptotic Confidence Intervals for Treatment Effects in Randomized Experiments

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Sandoval, Ricardo J., Balakrishnan, Sivaraman, Feller, Avi, Jordan, Michael I., Waudby-Smith, Ian
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Sandoval, Ricardo J.
Balakrishnan, Sivaraman
Feller, Avi
Jordan, Michael I.
Waudby-Smith, Ian
author_facet Sandoval, Ricardo J.
Balakrishnan, Sivaraman
Feller, Avi
Jordan, Michael I.
Waudby-Smith, Ian
contents We study nonasymptotic (finite-sample) confidence intervals for treatment effects in randomized experiments. In the existing literature, the effective sample sizes of nonasymptotic confidence intervals tend to be looser than the corresponding central-limit-theorem-based confidence intervals by a factor depending on the square root of the propensity score. We show that this performance gap can be closed, designing nonasymptotic confidence intervals that have the same effective sample size as their asymptotic counterparts. Our approach involves systematic exploitation of negative dependence or variance adaptivity (or both). We also show that the nonasymptotic rates that we achieve are unimprovable in an information-theoretic sense.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_11744
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle On Nonasymptotic Confidence Intervals for Treatment Effects in Randomized Experiments
Sandoval, Ricardo J.
Balakrishnan, Sivaraman
Feller, Avi
Jordan, Michael I.
Waudby-Smith, Ian
Methodology
Statistics Theory
Applications
Machine Learning
We study nonasymptotic (finite-sample) confidence intervals for treatment effects in randomized experiments. In the existing literature, the effective sample sizes of nonasymptotic confidence intervals tend to be looser than the corresponding central-limit-theorem-based confidence intervals by a factor depending on the square root of the propensity score. We show that this performance gap can be closed, designing nonasymptotic confidence intervals that have the same effective sample size as their asymptotic counterparts. Our approach involves systematic exploitation of negative dependence or variance adaptivity (or both). We also show that the nonasymptotic rates that we achieve are unimprovable in an information-theoretic sense.
title On Nonasymptotic Confidence Intervals for Treatment Effects in Randomized Experiments
topic Methodology
Statistics Theory
Applications
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.11744