Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of long COVID in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
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arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866911382336700416 |
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| author | Zhou, Hailu Jiang, Fei Jiang, Zhigang |
| author_facet | Zhou, Hailu Jiang, Fei Jiang, Zhigang |
| contents | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, represents a major global pandemic of the 21st century, with long-term effects termed long COVID. This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) evaluated pharmacological interventions for adults with long COVID, incorporating randomized controlled trials and adjusted observational studies. Primary outcomes included all-cause mortality, hospitalization, ICU admission, and mechanical ventilation; secondary outcomes covered symptom recovery across five categories, with safety assessed via adverse events. Results from random-effects models showed that saline nasal irrigation (SMD=21.10, 95% CI [16.91, 25.30]), nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium (SMD=7.40 [5.79, 9.01]), tetra sodium pyrophosphate (SMD=3.69 [2.61, 4.77]), and sodium gluconate (SMD=3.01 [1.92, 4.09]) significantly improved anosmia versus control. For thrombosis, rivaroxaban reduced arterial (OR=0.33 [0.01, 8.19]) and venous thrombotic events (OR=0.12 [0.01, 0.97]), while therapeutic-dose anticoagulants lowered thrombotic risks but increased major bleeding events (OR=1.86 [1.19, 2.89]) compared to prophylactic dosing. This NMA provides comparative evidence to guide treatment strategies for long COVID, highlighting the need for further research as new evidence emerges. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_11861 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of long COVID in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis Zhou, Hailu Jiang, Fei Jiang, Zhigang Other Quantitative Biology Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, represents a major global pandemic of the 21st century, with long-term effects termed long COVID. This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) evaluated pharmacological interventions for adults with long COVID, incorporating randomized controlled trials and adjusted observational studies. Primary outcomes included all-cause mortality, hospitalization, ICU admission, and mechanical ventilation; secondary outcomes covered symptom recovery across five categories, with safety assessed via adverse events. Results from random-effects models showed that saline nasal irrigation (SMD=21.10, 95% CI [16.91, 25.30]), nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium (SMD=7.40 [5.79, 9.01]), tetra sodium pyrophosphate (SMD=3.69 [2.61, 4.77]), and sodium gluconate (SMD=3.01 [1.92, 4.09]) significantly improved anosmia versus control. For thrombosis, rivaroxaban reduced arterial (OR=0.33 [0.01, 8.19]) and venous thrombotic events (OR=0.12 [0.01, 0.97]), while therapeutic-dose anticoagulants lowered thrombotic risks but increased major bleeding events (OR=1.86 [1.19, 2.89]) compared to prophylactic dosing. This NMA provides comparative evidence to guide treatment strategies for long COVID, highlighting the need for further research as new evidence emerges. |
| title | Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of long COVID in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis |
| topic | Other Quantitative Biology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.11861 |