Experiencer, Helper, or Observer: Online Fraud Intervention for Older Adults Through Role-based Simulation

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Deng, Yue, Chen, Xiaowei, Liao, Junxiang, Li, Bo, Zou, Yixin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Deng, Yue
Chen, Xiaowei
Liao, Junxiang
Li, Bo
Zou, Yixin
author_facet Deng, Yue
Chen, Xiaowei
Liao, Junxiang
Li, Bo
Zou, Yixin
contents Online fraud is a critical global threat that disproportionately targets older adults. Prior anti-fraud education for older adults has largely relied on static, traditional instruction that limits engagement and real-world transfer, whereas role-based simulation offers realistic yet low-risk opportunities for practice. Moreover, most interventions situate learners as victims, overlooking that fraud encounters often involve multiple roles, such as bystanders who witness scams and helpers who support victims. To address this gap, we developed ROLESafe, an anti-fraud educational intervention in which older adults learn through different learning roles, including Experiencer (experiencing fraud), Helper (assisting a victim), and Observer (witnessing fraud). In a between-subjects study with 144 older adults in China, we found that the Experiencer and Helper roles significantly improved participants' ability to identify online fraud. These findings highlight the promise of role-based, multi-perspective simulations for enhancing fraud awareness among older adults and provide design implications for future anti-fraud education.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_12324
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Experiencer, Helper, or Observer: Online Fraud Intervention for Older Adults Through Role-based Simulation
Deng, Yue
Chen, Xiaowei
Liao, Junxiang
Li, Bo
Zou, Yixin
Human-Computer Interaction
Computers and Society
Online fraud is a critical global threat that disproportionately targets older adults. Prior anti-fraud education for older adults has largely relied on static, traditional instruction that limits engagement and real-world transfer, whereas role-based simulation offers realistic yet low-risk opportunities for practice. Moreover, most interventions situate learners as victims, overlooking that fraud encounters often involve multiple roles, such as bystanders who witness scams and helpers who support victims. To address this gap, we developed ROLESafe, an anti-fraud educational intervention in which older adults learn through different learning roles, including Experiencer (experiencing fraud), Helper (assisting a victim), and Observer (witnessing fraud). In a between-subjects study with 144 older adults in China, we found that the Experiencer and Helper roles significantly improved participants' ability to identify online fraud. These findings highlight the promise of role-based, multi-perspective simulations for enhancing fraud awareness among older adults and provide design implications for future anti-fraud education.
title Experiencer, Helper, or Observer: Online Fraud Intervention for Older Adults Through Role-based Simulation
topic Human-Computer Interaction
Computers and Society
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.12324