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Main Authors: Makita, Momoko, Oka, Tomoharu, Tsujimoto, Shiho, Kotani, Tatsuya
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.12728
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author Makita, Momoko
Oka, Tomoharu
Tsujimoto, Shiho
Kotani, Tatsuya
author_facet Makita, Momoko
Oka, Tomoharu
Tsujimoto, Shiho
Kotani, Tatsuya
contents We report the discovery of multiple compact molecular features exhibiting extremely broad velocity widths toward the W44 molecular cloud. ALMA CO $J$=3--2 data reveal eight ``Petit--Bullets'' surrounding the previously known ``Bullet.'' Each Petit--Bullet shows a distinct V-shaped structure in position--velocity space, reminiscent of the Y-shaped morphology of the Bullet, suggesting a common origin. These features are interpreted as the result of high-velocity plunges of compact gravitational objects into dense molecular gas. The spatial and kinematic properties of the Petit--Bullets suggest that the plunging material was not a single object but rather a small cluster of compact bodies. A virial mass of $1.0\!\times\! 10^{5}\, M_\odot$ inferred from their velocity dispersion is comparable to that of typical globular clusters. Momentum analysis further implies that the main Bullet likely formed by an isolated black hole. These findings provide new evidence for dynamical interactions between halo clusters and disk molecular gas.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_12728
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Discovery of Multiple Ultra-Broad-Velocity Molecular Features Associated with the W44 Molecular Cloud
Makita, Momoko
Oka, Tomoharu
Tsujimoto, Shiho
Kotani, Tatsuya
Astrophysics of Galaxies
We report the discovery of multiple compact molecular features exhibiting extremely broad velocity widths toward the W44 molecular cloud. ALMA CO $J$=3--2 data reveal eight ``Petit--Bullets'' surrounding the previously known ``Bullet.'' Each Petit--Bullet shows a distinct V-shaped structure in position--velocity space, reminiscent of the Y-shaped morphology of the Bullet, suggesting a common origin. These features are interpreted as the result of high-velocity plunges of compact gravitational objects into dense molecular gas. The spatial and kinematic properties of the Petit--Bullets suggest that the plunging material was not a single object but rather a small cluster of compact bodies. A virial mass of $1.0\!\times\! 10^{5}\, M_\odot$ inferred from their velocity dispersion is comparable to that of typical globular clusters. Momentum analysis further implies that the main Bullet likely formed by an isolated black hole. These findings provide new evidence for dynamical interactions between halo clusters and disk molecular gas.
title Discovery of Multiple Ultra-Broad-Velocity Molecular Features Associated with the W44 Molecular Cloud
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.12728