TreeWriter: AI-Assisted Hierarchical Planning and Writing for Long-Form Documents

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Zhang, Zijian, Du, Fangshi, Liu, Xingjian, Chen, Pan, Huang, Oliver, Ye, Runlong, Liut, Michael, Aspuru-Guzik, Alán
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Zhang, Zijian
Du, Fangshi
Liu, Xingjian
Chen, Pan
Huang, Oliver
Ye, Runlong
Liut, Michael
Aspuru-Guzik, Alán
author_facet Zhang, Zijian
Du, Fangshi
Liu, Xingjian
Chen, Pan
Huang, Oliver
Ye, Runlong
Liut, Michael
Aspuru-Guzik, Alán
contents Long documents pose many challenges to current intelligent writing systems. These include maintaining consistency across sections, sustaining efficient planning and writing as documents become more complex, and effectively providing and integrating AI assistance to the user. Existing AI co-writing tools offer either inline suggestions or limited structured planning, but rarely support the entire writing process that begins with high-level ideas and ends with polished prose, in which many layers of planning and outlining are needed. Here, we introduce TreeWriter, a hierarchical writing system that represents documents as trees and integrates contextual AI support. TreeWriter allows authors to create, save, and refine document outlines at multiple levels, facilitating drafting, understanding, and iterative editing of long documents. A built-in AI agent can dynamically load relevant content, navigate the document hierarchy, and provide context-aware editing suggestions. A within-subject study (N=12) comparing TreeWriter with Google Docs + Gemini on long-document editing and creative writing tasks shows that TreeWriter improves idea exploration/development, AI helpfulness, and perceived authorial control. A two-month field deployment (N=8) further demonstrated that hierarchical organization supports collaborative writing. Our findings highlight the potential of hierarchical, tree-structured editors with integrated AI support and provide design guidelines for future AI-assisted writing tools that balance automation with user agency.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_12740
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle TreeWriter: AI-Assisted Hierarchical Planning and Writing for Long-Form Documents
Zhang, Zijian
Du, Fangshi
Liu, Xingjian
Chen, Pan
Huang, Oliver
Ye, Runlong
Liut, Michael
Aspuru-Guzik, Alán
Human-Computer Interaction
Artificial Intelligence
Long documents pose many challenges to current intelligent writing systems. These include maintaining consistency across sections, sustaining efficient planning and writing as documents become more complex, and effectively providing and integrating AI assistance to the user. Existing AI co-writing tools offer either inline suggestions or limited structured planning, but rarely support the entire writing process that begins with high-level ideas and ends with polished prose, in which many layers of planning and outlining are needed. Here, we introduce TreeWriter, a hierarchical writing system that represents documents as trees and integrates contextual AI support. TreeWriter allows authors to create, save, and refine document outlines at multiple levels, facilitating drafting, understanding, and iterative editing of long documents. A built-in AI agent can dynamically load relevant content, navigate the document hierarchy, and provide context-aware editing suggestions. A within-subject study (N=12) comparing TreeWriter with Google Docs + Gemini on long-document editing and creative writing tasks shows that TreeWriter improves idea exploration/development, AI helpfulness, and perceived authorial control. A two-month field deployment (N=8) further demonstrated that hierarchical organization supports collaborative writing. Our findings highlight the potential of hierarchical, tree-structured editors with integrated AI support and provide design guidelines for future AI-assisted writing tools that balance automation with user agency.
title TreeWriter: AI-Assisted Hierarchical Planning and Writing for Long-Form Documents
topic Human-Computer Interaction
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.12740