MARVEL Analysis of the Measured High-resolution Spectra of CO Isotopologues
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , , , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866911384973869056 |
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| author | Grigorev, Timur Dai, Yuhang Potter, Max Xiang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Keyu Tennyson, Jonathan |
| author_facet | Grigorev, Timur Dai, Yuhang Potter, Max Xiang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Keyu Tennyson, Jonathan |
| contents | Carbon monoxide is thought to be the second most abundant molecule in the Universe. This makes observation of both its parent isotopologue ($^{12}$C$^{16}$O) and its stable isotopologues, $^{13}$C$^{16}$O, $^{12}$C$^{18}$O, $^{12}$C$^{17}$O, $^{13}$C$^{18}$O and $^{13}$C$^{17}$O, important in variety of objects. Here the MARVEL (Measured Active Rotational-Vibrational Energy Levels) algorithm is used to determine precise rotational vibrational energy levels for the five minor isotopologues of carbon monoxide in their electronic ground state. A review of 27 literature sources yields 3716, 1454, 89, 728 and 57 validated transitions for $^{13}$C$^{16}$O, $^{12}$C$^{18}$O, $^{12}$C$^{17}$O, $^{13}$C$^{18}$O and $^{13}$C$^{17}$O, respectively, giving 863, 499, 33, 345 and 45 empirically determined, rotation vibration energy levels, respectively. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_13141 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | MARVEL Analysis of the Measured High-resolution Spectra of CO Isotopologues Grigorev, Timur Dai, Yuhang Potter, Max Xiang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Keyu Tennyson, Jonathan Astrophysics of Galaxies Carbon monoxide is thought to be the second most abundant molecule in the Universe. This makes observation of both its parent isotopologue ($^{12}$C$^{16}$O) and its stable isotopologues, $^{13}$C$^{16}$O, $^{12}$C$^{18}$O, $^{12}$C$^{17}$O, $^{13}$C$^{18}$O and $^{13}$C$^{17}$O, important in variety of objects. Here the MARVEL (Measured Active Rotational-Vibrational Energy Levels) algorithm is used to determine precise rotational vibrational energy levels for the five minor isotopologues of carbon monoxide in their electronic ground state. A review of 27 literature sources yields 3716, 1454, 89, 728 and 57 validated transitions for $^{13}$C$^{16}$O, $^{12}$C$^{18}$O, $^{12}$C$^{17}$O, $^{13}$C$^{18}$O and $^{13}$C$^{17}$O, respectively, giving 863, 499, 33, 345 and 45 empirically determined, rotation vibration energy levels, respectively. |
| title | MARVEL Analysis of the Measured High-resolution Spectra of CO Isotopologues |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.13141 |