Capacity and Energy Trade-Offs in FR3 6G Networks Using Real Deployment Data
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arXiv
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| Auteurs principaux: | , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Publié: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866915740614918144 |
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| author | López-Pérez, David Piovesan, Nicola Bernabè, Matteo |
| author_facet | López-Pérez, David Piovesan, Nicola Bernabè, Matteo |
| contents | This article presents a data-driven system-level analysis of multi-layer 6G networks operating in the upper mid-band (FR3: 7-24 GHz). Unlike most prior studies based on 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) templates, we leverage real-world deployment and traffic data from a commercial 4G/5G network in China to evaluate practical 6G strategies. Using Giulia-a deployment-informed system-level heterogeneous network model-we show that 6G can boost median throughput by up to 9.5x over heterogeneous 4G+5G deployments, but also increases power usage by up to 59%. Critically, co-locating 6G with existing sites delivers limited gains while incurring high energy cost. In contrast, non-co-located, traffic-aware deployments achieve superior throughput-to-watt efficiency, highlighting the need for strategic, user equipment (UE) hotspot-focused 6G planning. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_13993 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Capacity and Energy Trade-Offs in FR3 6G Networks Using Real Deployment Data López-Pérez, David Piovesan, Nicola Bernabè, Matteo Networking and Internet Architecture This article presents a data-driven system-level analysis of multi-layer 6G networks operating in the upper mid-band (FR3: 7-24 GHz). Unlike most prior studies based on 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) templates, we leverage real-world deployment and traffic data from a commercial 4G/5G network in China to evaluate practical 6G strategies. Using Giulia-a deployment-informed system-level heterogeneous network model-we show that 6G can boost median throughput by up to 9.5x over heterogeneous 4G+5G deployments, but also increases power usage by up to 59%. Critically, co-locating 6G with existing sites delivers limited gains while incurring high energy cost. In contrast, non-co-located, traffic-aware deployments achieve superior throughput-to-watt efficiency, highlighting the need for strategic, user equipment (UE) hotspot-focused 6G planning. |
| title | Capacity and Energy Trade-Offs in FR3 6G Networks Using Real Deployment Data |
| topic | Networking and Internet Architecture |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.13993 |