How large are curvature perturbations from slow first-order phase transitions? A gauge-invariant analysis
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arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866912836710563840 |
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| author | Wang, Xiao Balázs, Csaba Ding, Ran Tian, Chi |
| author_facet | Wang, Xiao Balázs, Csaba Ding, Ran Tian, Chi |
| contents | When strongly supercooled cosmological first-order phase transitions (FOPTs) are sufficiently slow, super-horizon inhomogeneities can be generated. We compute these super-horizon curvature perturbations by employing a gauge-invariant, multi-fluid formalism. By resolving the gauge ambiguities inherent in conventional separate-universe simulations, we demonstrate that Primordial Black Holes are unlikely to be produced by these super-horizon inhomogeneities. We also derive a fitting formula for the resulting curvature perturbations and discuss potential observational constraints on FOPTs imposed by limits on primordial curvature perturbations and associated scalar-induced gravitational waves. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2601_14412 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | How large are curvature perturbations from slow first-order phase transitions? A gauge-invariant analysis Wang, Xiao Balázs, Csaba Ding, Ran Tian, Chi High Energy Physics - Phenomenology When strongly supercooled cosmological first-order phase transitions (FOPTs) are sufficiently slow, super-horizon inhomogeneities can be generated. We compute these super-horizon curvature perturbations by employing a gauge-invariant, multi-fluid formalism. By resolving the gauge ambiguities inherent in conventional separate-universe simulations, we demonstrate that Primordial Black Holes are unlikely to be produced by these super-horizon inhomogeneities. We also derive a fitting formula for the resulting curvature perturbations and discuss potential observational constraints on FOPTs imposed by limits on primordial curvature perturbations and associated scalar-induced gravitational waves. |
| title | How large are curvature perturbations from slow first-order phase transitions? A gauge-invariant analysis |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.14412 |